{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320613748992.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1063/1.3679521"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.3679521/14902107/031301_1_online.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"High performance ferroelectric relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals: Status and perspective"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Ferroelectrics are essential components in a wide range of applications, including ultrasonic transducers, sensors, and actuators. In the single crystal form, relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) piezoelectric materials have been extensively studied due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric and electromechanical properties. In this article, a perspective and future development of relaxor-PT crystals are given. Initially, various techniques for the growth of relaxor-PT crystals are reviewed, with crystals up to 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length being readily achievable using the Bridgman technique. Second, the characterizations of dielectric and electromechanical properties are surveyed. Boundary conditions, including temperature, electric field, and stress, are discussed in relation to device limitations. Third, the physical origins of the high piezoelectric properties and unique loss characteristics in relaxor-PT crystals are discussed with respect to their crystal structure, phase, engineered domain configuration, macrosymmetry, and domain size. Finally, relaxor-PT single crystals are reviewed with respect to specific applications and contrasted to conventional piezoelectric ceramics.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320613748993","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shujun Zhang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University 1 , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320613748992","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fei Li"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University 1 , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA"},{"@value":"Electronic Materials Research Laboratory and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University 2 , Xi’an 710049, China"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00218979"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10897550"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Applied Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"AIP Publishing"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-02-01","prism:volume":"111","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"031301"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.3679521/14902107/031301_1_online.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2012-02-07","modifiedAt":"2024-04-19","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202620197248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Electric field and aging effects of uniaxial ferroelectrics Sr x Ba1?x Nb2O6 probed by Brillouin scattering"},{"@value":"Electric field and aging effects of uniaxial ferroelectrics Sr x Ba1−x Nb2O6 probed by Brillouin scattering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002220666607360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Recent Progress on BaTiO3-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics for Actuator Applications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360003449882860672","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(Mg\n                    <sub>1/3</sub>\n                    Nb\n                    <sub>2/3</sub>\n                    )\n                    <sub>0.52</sub>\n                    (Yb\n                    <sub>1/2</sub>\n                    Nb\n                    <sub>1/2</sub>\n                    )\n                    <sub>0.15</sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <sub>0.33</sub>\n                    ]O\n                    <sub>3</sub>\n                    single-crystal rectangular plate and beam mode transducers poled by alternate current poling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005519933624704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mesoscopic hierarchic polarization structure in the relaxor ferroelectrics \n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">b</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi 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large dielectric response in Pb-free (1−x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3−x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285709966935552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relaxor-ferroelectric crossover in \n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>\n: Origin of the spontaneous phase transition and the effect of an applied external field"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643707693440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Position and electric field dependent local lattice strain detected by nanobeam x-ray diffraction on a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298755642357120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Film thickness dependence of ferroelectric properties in polar-axis-oriented epitaxial tetragonal (Bi,K)TiO3 films prepared by hydrothermal method"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360566399836290944","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Alternate current poling and direct current poling for Pb(Mg\n                    <sub>1/3</sub>\n                    Nb\n                    <sub>2/3</sub>\n                    )O\n      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