{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320632023040.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/ajpa.1330780306"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330780306"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330780306"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The calcaneus of <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> and its implications for the evolution of bipedality"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Calcanei from African apes, modern humans, and <jats:italic>Australopithecus afarensis</jats:italic> are compared to investigate the anatomical and mechanical changes that occurred in this bone as a result of the transition to terrestrial bipedality. Features analyzed include the cross‐sectional area and volume of the calcaneal tuber, the geometry and orientation of the articular surfaces, and the surface topography of the calcaneal corpus. Calcaneal morphology is unequivocal in its partitioning of quadrupedal pongids and bipedal hominids.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320632023041","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bruce Latimer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320632023040","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Owen Lovejoy"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00029483"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10968644"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1989-03","prism:volume":"78","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"369","prism:endingPage":"386"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330780306"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330780306"}],"createdAt":"2005-08-09","modifiedAt":"2023-10-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142529932544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Variation of bony labyrinthine morphology in Mio−Plio−Pleistocene and modern anthropoids"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021389802285056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Functional significance of vertical free moment for generation of human bipedal walking"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021391861099136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regulation of whole-body angular momentum during human walking"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704873400704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Forward dynamic simulation of bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque: Investigation of causal relationships among limb kinematics, speed, and energetics of bipedal locomotion in a nonhuman primate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286989516830208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Three‐Dimensional Morphological Variations of the Human Calcaneus Investigated Using Geometric Morphometrics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643769441024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Morphological differences in the calcaneus among extant great apes investigated by three-dimensional geometric morphometrics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643848390656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comparative radiographic analysis of three-dimensional innate mobility of the foot bones under axial loading of humans and African great apes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640946008448","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Trabecular bone anisotropy and orientation in an Early Pleistocene hominin talus from East Turkana, Kenya"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657211396864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A quantification of calcaneal lateral plantar process position with implications for bipedal locomotion in Australopithecus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567603978112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Forward dynamic simulation of Japanese macaque bipedal locomotion demonstrates better energetic economy in a virtualised plantigrade posture"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593802114176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comparative Functional Morphology of Human and Chimpanzee Feet Based on Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204469124864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Reconstructing Bipedal Locomotion of Fossil Hominids Using Biomechanics: Current State and Challenges"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"初期人類の二足歩行運動の生体力学的復元：現状と課題"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ショキ ジンルイ ノ ニソク ホコウ ウンドウ ノ セイタイ リキガクテキ フクゲン ゲンジョウ ト カダイ"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/ajpa.1330780306"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/ajpa.24098_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-023-34153-4_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-023-34910-5_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/ajpa.21537_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/ca.23501_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-021-99942-1_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1098/rsos.211344_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1537/asj.116.99_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s42003-021-01831-w_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/fbioe.2021.760486_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.008_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.03.003_references_DOI_7OjJAA47IQhmj19TZAvQ1LxCUaS"}]}