{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320699005696.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01731.x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01731.x"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"History and evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric Hultén"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A major contribution to our initial understanding of the origin, history and biogeography of the present‐day arctic flora was made by Eric Hultén in his landmark book <jats:italic>Outline of the History of Arctic and Boreal Biota during the Quarternary Period,</jats:italic> published in 1937. Here we review recent molecular and fossil evidence that has tested some of Hultén's proposals. There is now excellent fossil, molecular and phytogeographical evidence to support Hultén's proposal that Beringia was a major northern refugium for arctic plants throughout the Quaternary. In contrast, most molecular evidence fails to support his proposal that contemporary east and west Atlantic populations of circumarctic and amphi‐Atlantic species have been separated throughout the Quaternary. In fact, populations of these species from opposite sides of the Atlantic are normally genetically very similar, thus the North Atlantic does not appear to have been a strong barrier to their dispersal during the Quaternary. Hultén made no detailed proposals on mechanisms of speciation in the Arctic; however, molecular studies have confirmed that many arctic plants are allopolyploid, and some of them most probably originated during the Holocene. Recurrent formation of polyploids from differentiated diploid or more low‐ploid populations provides one explanation for the intriguing taxonomic complexity of the arctic flora, also noted by Hultén. In addition, population fragmentation during glacial periods may have lead to the formation of new sibling species at the diploid level. Despite the progress made since Hultén wrote his book, there remain large gaps in our knowledge of the history of the arctic flora, especially about the origins of the founding stocks of this flora which first appeared in the Arctic at the end of the Pliocene (approximately 3 Ma). Comprehensive analyses of the molecular phylogeography of arctic taxa and their relatives together with detailed fossil studies are required to fill these gaps.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320699005696","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Christian Brochmann"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320699005697","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Richard J. Abbott"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09621083"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"1365294X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Molecular Ecology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2003-01-16","prism:volume":"12","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"299","prism:endingPage":"313"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01731.x"}],"createdAt":"2003-03-12","modifiedAt":"2023-10-14","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001335841058432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: the ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810834214400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comparing local- and regional-scale estimations of the diversity of stream fish using eDNA metabarcoding and conventional observation methods"},{"@value":"Comparing local‐ and regional‐scale estimations of the diversity of stream fish using <scp>eDNA</scp> metabarcoding and conventional observation methods"},{"@value":"Comparing local‐and regional‐scale estimations of the diversity of stream fish using eDNA metabarcoding and conventional observation methods"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282813898698752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Phylogeography of the Coccus scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic Macaranga plants in Southeast Asia"},{"@value":"Phylogeography of the <i>Coccus</i> scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic <i>Macaranga</i> plants in Southeast Asia"},{"@value":"Phylogeography of the <italic>Coccus</italic> scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic <italic>Macaranga</italic> plants in Southeast Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050295568883251200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Lineage-level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Lineage‐level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050296420565086336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Environmental DNA phylogeography: Successful reconstruction of phylogeographic patterns of multiple fish species from cups of water"},{"@value":"Environmental\n                    <scp>DNA</scp>\n                    phylogeography: Successful reconstruction of phylogeographic patterns of multiple fish species from cups of water"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218129203200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Phylogenetic analyses of the isonychiid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) in the northeast palearctic region"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231448957696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The origin and genetic variability of the Czech sika deer population"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004235798433664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Post‐glacial East Asian origin of the alpine shrub <i>Phyllodoce aleutica</i> (Ericaceae) in Beringia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285710775472256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Using dense locality sampling resolves the subtle genetic population structure of the dispersive fish species <i>Plecoglossus altivelis</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643801415552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Fine‐scale phylogeography of coastal fishes in the South China Sea: Possible roles of biological traits and geography"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565165300978176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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(Ericaceae) in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848660701720704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The evolutionary history and global phylogeography of the green turtle (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848660705777024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extensive hybridization and associated geographic trends between two rockfishes<i><scp>S</scp>ebastes vulpes</i>and<i><scp>S</scp>. zonatus</i>(<scp>T</scp>eleostei:<scp>S</scp>corpaeniformes:<scp>S</scp>ebastidae)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848660734787584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular evidence for ancient relicts of arctic‐alpine plants in <scp>E</scp>ast 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