{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320737880576.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2007gl033156"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007GL033156"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007GL033156"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Model simulations of global change in the ionosphere"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Observations of secular trends in the E and F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> regions of the ionosphere indicate that electron densities have increased, and that the height of the E‐region peak has decreased, during the past several decades. Detection of trends in the upper ionosphere through analysis of F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐layer parameters has been more complex and controversial. In order to facilitate observational detection of long‐term trends in the ionosphere, simulations were performed using a single‐column upper atmosphere model. CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentrations for the year 2000 and projected for the year 2100 were used to investigate changes of electron densities and the altitudes of ionospheric layers. Results show that increased CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration increases electron density in the lower regions of the ionosphere, but decreases electron density in the upper ionosphere. The transition altitude occurs slightly below the F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> peak altitude (h<jats:sub>m</jats:sub>F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). The proximity of h<jats:sub>m</jats:sub>F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to the transition altitude may explain why different analyses of long‐term trends in F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> peak density have shown both positive and negative trends. The altitudes of the E, F<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> and F<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> regions all decrease with increased CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320737880579","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Liying Qian"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320737880578","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stanley C. Solomon"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320737880576","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Raymond G. Roble"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320737880577","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Timothy J. Kane"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Meteorology Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-04","prism:volume":"35","prism:number":"7","prism:startingPage":"L07811"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007GL033156"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007GL033156"}],"createdAt":"2008-04-04","modifiedAt":"2023-10-31","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229801959296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Upper atmosphere cooling over the past 33 years"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286993150030208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long‐Term Trend of Topside Ionospheric Electron Density Derived From DMSP Data During 1995–2017"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417166183168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2007gl033156"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-015-0051-8_references_DOI_YC7zXYMB4tcR0mRrqprEejoKoe9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2014gl060591_references_DOI_YC7zXYMB4tcR0mRrqprEejoKoe9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019ja027522_references_DOI_YC7zXYMB4tcR0mRrqprEejoKoe9"}]}