{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320740074240.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.1254509"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1254509"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Formation temperatures of thermogenic and biogenic methane"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Making of methane deep underground</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Technologies such as hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” can now extract natural gas from underground reservoirs. Within the gas, the ratio of certain isotopes holds clues to its origins. Stolper\n            <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n            analyzed a wide range of natural gas, including samples from some of the most active fracking sites in the United States. Using a “clumped isotope” technique, the authors could estimate the high temperatures at which methane formed deep underground, as well as the lower temperatures at which ancient microbes produced methane. The approach can help to distinguish the degree of mixing of gas from both sources.\n          </jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic>\n            , this issue p.\n            <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6191\" page=\"1500\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"344\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1254509\">1500</jats:related-article>\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016864628139150","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. A. Stolper"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074242","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Lawson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston, TX, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074250","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. L. Davis"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston, TX, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074244","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. A. Ferreira"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Division of Geochemistry, Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074245","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. V. Santos Neto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Division of Geochemistry, Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074240","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. S. Ellis"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074248","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. D. Lewan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074241","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. M. Martini"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074247","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Tang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Power, Environmental, and Energy Research Institute, Covina, CA, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074251","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Schoell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"GasConsult International Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074249","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. L. Sessions"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320740074246","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. M. Eiler"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-06-27","prism:volume":"344","prism:number":"6191","prism:startingPage":"1500","prism:endingPage":"1503"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1254509"}],"createdAt":"2014-06-26","modifiedAt":"2024-01-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050306506452175488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Pluto's ocean is capped and insulated by gas 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