{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320795466240.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jcli-d-16-0273.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/29/23/jcli-d-16-0273.1.xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/29/23/8589/4074678/jcli-d-16-0273_1.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/29/23/jcli-d-16-0273.1.xml"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Tropical Cyclone Intensity Errors Associated with Lack of Two-Way Ocean Coupling in High-Resolution Global Simulations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly those that are intense and/or slow moving, induce sea surface temperature (SST) reductions along their tracks (commonly referred to as cold wakes) that provide a negative feedback on storm energetics by weakening surface enthalpy fluxes. While computing gains have allowed for simulated TC intensity to increase in global climate models as a result of increased horizontal resolution, many configurations utilize prescribed, noninteractive SSTs as a surface boundary condition to minimize computational cost and produce more accurate TC climatologies. Here, an idealized slab ocean is coupled to a 0.25° variable-resolution version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) to improve closure of the surface energy balance and reproduce observed Northern Hemisphere cold wakes. This technique produces cold wakes that are realistic in structure and evolution and with magnitudes similar to published observations, without impacting large-scale SST climatology. Multimember ensembles show that the overall number of TCs generated by the model is reduced by 5%–9% when allowing for two-way air–sea interactions. TC intensity is greatly impacted; the strongest 1% of all TCs are 20–30 hPa (4–8 m s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) weaker, and the number of simulated Saffir–Simpson category 4 and 5 TCs is reduced by 65% in slab ocean configurations. Reductions in intensity are in line with published thermodynamic theory. Additional offline experiments and sensitivity simulations demonstrate this response is both significant and robust. These results imply caution should be exercised when assessing high-resolution prescribed SST climate simulations capable of resolving intense TCs, particularly if discrete analysis of extreme events is desired.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320795466240","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Colin M. Zarzycki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research,a Boulder, Colorado"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948755"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200442"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Climate"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-12-01","prism:volume":"29","prism:number":"23","prism:startingPage":"8589","prism:endingPage":"8610"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/29/23/jcli-d-16-0273.1.xml"},{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/29/23/8589/4074678/jcli-d-16-0273_1.pdf"},{"@id":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/29/23/jcli-d-16-0273.1.xml"}],"createdAt":"2016-09-01","modifiedAt":"2024-08-01","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050012570393522816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Outcomes and challenges of global high-resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric simulations using the K computer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285715172782976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global 7-km mesh nonhydrostatic Model Intercomparison Project for improving TYphoon forecast (TYMIP-G7): Experimental design and preliminary results"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643731831424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Tropical Cyclone Characteristics Represented by the Ocean Wave-Coupled Atmospheric Global Climate Model Incorporating Wave-Dependent Momentum Flux"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380154635776","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Convection-Permitting Climate Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857701191228160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seamless Projections of Global Storm Surge and Ocean Waves Under a Warming Climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288087574784","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"大気気候・スラブ海洋・波浪結合モデルにおける海水温低下バルク式を用いた台風強度特性"},{"@language":"en","@value":"THE IMPACT OF SST COOLING ON TROPICAL CYCLONE BY COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC GLOBAL CLIMATE-SLAB OCEAN-WAVE MODEL"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"タイキ キコウ ・ スラブ カイヨウ ・ ハロウ ケツゴウ モデル ニ オケル カイスイオン テイカ バルクシキ オ モチイタ タイフウ キョウド トクセイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390008465755995264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"DEVELOPMENT OF COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC-SLAB OCEAN MODEL GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TROPICAL CYCLONES"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"CMIP6実験にもとづくスラブ海洋結合全球大気気候モデルを用いた気候変動の台風への影響評価"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"CMIP6 ジッケン ニ モトズク スラブ カイヨウ ケツゴウ ゼン キュウ タイキ キコウ モデル オ モチイタ キコウ ヘンドウ ノ タイフウ エ ノ エイキョウ ヒョウカ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390012468146676864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TYPHOONS USING A SLAB-OCEAN COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODEL WITH MONTH FIXED EVENT ATTRIBUTION EXPERIMENTS"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"スラブ海洋結合全球大気大循環モデルを用いた月固定EA実験による気候変動の台風への影響評価"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390016504861836032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TYPHOONS USING A SLAB-OCEAN COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODEL WITH MONTH-FIXED EVENT ATTRIBUTION EXPERIMENTS"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"スラブ海洋結合全球大気気候モデルを用いた月固定EA実験による顕著台風発生条件における台風特性評価"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390849376471514496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"THE IMPACTS OF OCEAN SURFACE MIXING AND WAVE DEPENDENT ROUGHNESS ON CLIMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"海洋表層混合を考慮した全球大気・波浪・海洋結合モデルによる台風強度特性の評価"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"カイヨウ ヒョウソウ コンゴウ オ コウリョ シタ ゼン キュウ タイキ ・ ハロウ ・ カイヨウ ケツゴウ モデル ニ ヨル タイフウ キョウド トクセイ ノ 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