{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320807496064.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1021/bm0501151"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bm0501151"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"16004439"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Enzymatic Degradation Processes of Poly[(<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] and Poly[(<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxybutyric acid-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-(<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxyvaleric acid] Single Crystals Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy:  Effects of Molecular Weight and Second-Monomer Composition on Erosion Rates"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Enzymatic degradation processes of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] (P(3HB)) and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvaleric acid] (P(3HB-co-3HV)) single crystals in the presence of PHB depolymerase from Ralstonia pickettii T1 were studied by real-time and static atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations. Fibril-like crystals were generated along the long axis of single crystals during the enzymatic degradation, and then the dimensions of fibril-like crystals were analyzed quantitatively. The morphologies and sizes of fibril-like crystals were dependent on the molecular weight and copolymer composition of polymers. For all samples, the crystalline thickness gradually decreased toward a tip from the root of a fibril-like crystal after enzymatic degradation for 1 h. The thinning of fibril-like crystals may be attributed to the destruction of chain-packing structure toward crystallographic c axis by the adsorption of enzyme. From the real-time AFM images, it was found that at the initial stage of degradation the enzymatic erosion started from the disordered chain-packing region in single crystals to form the grooves along the a axis. The generated fibril-like crystals deformed at a constant rate along the a axis with a constant rate after the induction time. The erosion rate at the grooves along the a axis increased with a decrease of molecular weight and with an increase of copolymer composition. On the other hand, the erosion rate along the a axis, at the tip of the fibril-like crystal, was dependent on only the copolymer composition, and the value increased with an increase in the copolymer composition. The morphologies and sizes of fibril-like crystals were governed by both the erosion rates along the a axis at the grooves and tip of fibril-like crystals. In addition, we were able to estimated the overall enzymatic erosion rate of single crystals by PHB depolymerase from the volumetric analysis."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496068","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Keiji Numata"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496069","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yoshihiro Kikkawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496065","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takeharu Tsuge"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496066","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tadahisa Iwata"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496067","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yoshiharu Doi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320807496064","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hideki Abe"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan, Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Nanoarchitectonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15257797"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15264602"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Biomacromolecules"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Chemical Society (ACS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-05-12","prism:volume":"6","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"2008","prism:endingPage":"2016"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bm0501151"}],"createdAt":"2005-07-11","modifiedAt":"2021-10-08","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Molecular%20Weight","dc:title":"Molecular Weight"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Polyesters","dc:title":"Polyesters"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hydroxybutyrates","dc:title":"Hydroxybutyrates"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Crystallization","dc:title":"Crystallization"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Microscopy,%20Atomic%20Force","dc:title":"Microscopy, Atomic Force"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050864037338952064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Superior sequence-controlled poly(L-lactide)-based 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