{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320950156800.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1257/aer.104.10.3073"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/aer.104.10.3073"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p> We study the competitive forces which shaped ideological diversity in the US press in the early twentieth century. We find that households preferred like-minded news and that newspapers used their political orientation to differentiate from competitors. We formulate a model of newspaper demand, entry, and political affiliation choice in which newspapers compete for both readers and advertisers. We use a combination of estimation and calibration to identify the model's parameters from novel data on newspaper circulation, costs, and revenues. The estimated model implies that competition enhances ideological diversity, that the market undersupplies diversity, and that optimal competition policy requires accounting for the two-sidedness of the news market. (JEL D72, K21, L13, L41, L82, N42, N72) </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320950156800","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Matthew Gentzkow"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Chicago Booth School of Business, 5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, and NBER (e-mail: )"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320950156802","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jesse M. Shapiro"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Chicago Booth School of Business, 5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, and NBER (e-mail: )"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320950156801","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michael Sinkinson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (e-mail: )."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00028282"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"American Economic Review"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Economic Association"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-10-01","prism:volume":"104","prism:number":"10","prism:startingPage":"3073","prism:endingPage":"3114"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/aer.104.10.3073"}],"createdAt":"2014-10-02","modifiedAt":"2020-06-02","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168795473408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Business diversification and multifaceted markets"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567425778816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interaction between Information Law and Competition Law: Organizing Regulatory Perspectives on Platform Businesses"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815672130816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"News credibility and the quest for clicks"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1257/aer.104.10.3073"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s42495-021-00058-1_references_DOI_U2AyEa1lBJrX3fXE0BFLNWcLg9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1515/ajle-2020-0074_references_DOI_U2AyEa1lBJrX3fXE0BFLNWcLg9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.105005_references_DOI_U2AyEa1lBJrX3fXE0BFLNWcLg9"}]}