{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670321003558144.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1186/1471-2334-13-82"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"23398783"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Frequent detection of ‘azole’ resistant Candida species among late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"The chronic use of antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal infection in general and oropharyngeal candidiasis mainly in AIDS patient's leads to the selection of strain resistant to these therapies and a shift in the spectrum of Candida species. This study determines the species diversity and in vitro susceptibility of Candida isolates from late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia.Two hundred and twenty one HIV/AIDS patients were assessed with a standardized evaluation form at enrolment. Oral rinses were cultured on CHROMagar plates at 37°C for 48 hours and Candida species identification were made following standard microbiological techniques. In vitro drug susceptibility tests were made using broth microdilution method.The colonization rate of Candida species was found to be 82.3% (177/215). C. albicans was the predominant species isolated from 139 (81%) patients but there was a diversity of other species. C. glabrata was the most frequent non-albicans species isolated in 22.5% (40/177) of the patients followed by C. tropicalis 14.1% (27/177), C. krusei 5.6% (10) and other unidentifiable Candida species 4% (7/177). Recurrent episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis and previous exposure to antifungal drugs were found to be predisposing factors for colonization by non-albicans species. Irrespective of the Candida species identified 12.2% (11/90), 7.7% (7/90) and 4.7% (4) of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole, respectively. In contrast, resistance to micafungin, amphotericin B and 5-Fluorocytosine was infrequent.HIV/AIDS patients are orally colonized by single or multiple albicans and non- albicans Candida species that are frequently resistant to azoles and occasionally to amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine and micafungin. These highlight the need for national surveillance for examining Candida epidemiology and resistance to antifungal drugs."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558150","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andargachew Mulu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558144","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Afework Kassu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558147","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Belay Anagaw"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558145","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Beyene Moges"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558272","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Aschalew Gelaw"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558146","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Martha Alemayehu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558273","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yeshambel Belyhun"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558148","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fantahun Biadglegne"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558152","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Zewdu Hurissa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558149","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Feleke Moges"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670321003558151","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Emiko Isogai"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14712334"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"BMC Infectious Diseases"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013-02-12","prism:volume":"13","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"82"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"],"url":[{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82.pdf"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2334-13-82"}],"createdAt":"2013-02-12","modifiedAt":"2022-02-08","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Adult","dc:title":"Adult"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Male","dc:title":"Male"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Antifungal%20Agents","dc:title":"Antifungal Agents"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Adolescent","dc:title":"Adolescent"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Northwest%20Ethiopia","dc:title":"Northwest Ethiopia"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%3Cit%3ECandida%3C/it%3E%20species%20diversity","dc:title":"<it>Candida</it> species diversity"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Infectious%20and%20parasitic%20diseases","dc:title":"Infectious and parasitic diseases"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=RC109-216","dc:title":"RC109-216"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Microbial%20Sensitivity%20Tests","dc:title":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%3Cit%3EIn%20vitro%3C/it%3E%20susceptibility","dc:title":"<it>In vitro</it> susceptibility"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Young%20Adult","dc:title":"Young Adult"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Candidiasis,%20Oral","dc:title":"Candidiasis, Oral"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Drug%20Resistance,%20Fungal","dc:title":"Drug Resistance, Fungal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Risk%20Factors","dc:title":"Risk Factors"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Drug%20Resistance,%20Multiple,%20Fungal","dc:title":"Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Late%20presenters","dc:title":"Late presenters"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Child","dc:title":"Child"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Candida","dc:title":"Candida"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Acquired%20Immunodeficiency%20Syndrome","dc:title":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=AIDS-Related%20Opportunistic%20Infections","dc:title":"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Candidiasis","dc:title":"Candidiasis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Infant,%20Newborn","dc:title":"Infant, Newborn"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Infant","dc:title":"Infant"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Middle%20Aged","dc:title":"Middle Aged"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=CD4%20Lymphocyte%20Count","dc:title":"CD4 Lymphocyte Count"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Infectious%20Diseases","dc:title":"Infectious Diseases"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Child,%20Preschool","dc:title":"Child, Preschool"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Female","dc:title":"Female"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Ethiopia","dc:title":"Ethiopia"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Research%20Article","dc:title":"Research Article"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565166029886464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gastrointestinal colonisation and systemic spread of Candida albicans in mice treated with antibiotics and prednisolone"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1880865117622789632","@type":"Dataset","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Faculty Opinions recommendation of Activity of amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, posaconazole, and voriconazole against Candida albicans with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole from APECED patients on long-term azole treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis."}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1471-2334-13-82"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::e304fa68e0a5583952b3d9b1151bd2aa"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.043_references_DOI_1psQcfITfvopEEYOX95CXjqknoK"}]}