{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794509797248.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1164/rccm.200912-1853oc"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://academic.oup.com/ajrccm/article-pdf/182/8/1058/67307400/ajrccm_182_8_1058.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Probiotic Prophylaxis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enteral administration of probiotics may modify the gastrointestinal environment in a manner that preferentially favors the growth of minimally virulent species. It is unknown whether probiotic modification of the upper aerodigestive flora can reduce nosocomial infections.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether oropharyngeal and gastric administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 146 mechanically ventilated patients at high risk of developing VAP. Patients were randomly assigned to receive enteral probiotics (n = 68) or an inert inulin-based placebo (n = 70) twice a day in addition to routine care.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated with Lactobacillus were significantly less likely to develop microbiologically confirmed VAP compared with patients treated with placebo (40.0 vs. 19.1%; P = 0.007). Although patients treated with probiotics had significantly less Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea than patients treated with placebo (18.6 vs. 5.8%; P = 0.02), the duration of diarrhea per episode was not different between groups (13.2 ± 7.4 vs. 9.8 ± 4.9 d; P = 0.39). Patients treated with probiotics had fewer days of antibiotics prescribed for VAP (8.6 ± 10.3 vs. 5.6 ± 7.8 d; P = 0.05) and for C. difficile–associated diarrhea (2.1 ± 4.8 SD d vs. 0.5 ± 2.3 d; P = 0.02). No adverse events related to probiotic administration were identified.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These pilot data suggest that L. rhamnosus GG is safe and efficacious in preventing VAP in a select, high-risk ICU population.</jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00613795).</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383951794509797250","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lee E. Morrow"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383951794509797248","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marin H. Kollef"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383951794509797249","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thomas B. Casale"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"1073449X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15354970"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-10","prism:volume":"182","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"1058","prism:endingPage":"1064"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights"],"url":[{"@id":"https://academic.oup.com/ajrccm/article-pdf/182/8/1058/67307400/ajrccm_182_8_1058.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2010-06-03","modifiedAt":"2026-03-21","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390006231374786688","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Antibacterial activity of the probiotic candidate <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>"},{"@value":"Antibacterial activity of the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus gasseri against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679421185024","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本版重症患者の栄養療法ガイドライン"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Japanese Guidelines for Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult and Pediatric Critically Ill Patients"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679738446336","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"重症患者へのprobiotics/synbiotics 投与効果"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of probiotics/synbiotics on patients with criticaly ill patients"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1164/rccm.200912-1853oc"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3918/jsicm.23.185_references_DOI_MAaPH8ijhbB5WXrIsIMlM3w5uP4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.47416/apjod.20-0271_references_DOI_MAaPH8ijhbB5WXrIsIMlM3w5uP4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.11638/jssmn.50.2_149_references_DOI_MAaPH8ijhbB5WXrIsIMlM3w5uP4"}]}