{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269440632576.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.286.5447.2144"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.286.5447.2144"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"30020374340"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Microorganisms in the Accreted Ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"Analysis of a portion of Vostok ice core number 5G, which is thought to contain frozen water derived from Lake Vostok, Antarctica (a body of liquid water located beneath about 4 kilometers of glacial ice), revealed between 2 × 102and 3 × 102bacterial cells per milliliter and low concentrations of potential growth nutrients. Lipopolysaccharide (a Gram-negative bacterial cell biomarker) was also detected at concentrations consistent with the cell enumeration data, which suggests a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria. At least a portion of the microbial assemblage was viable, as determined by the respiration of carbon-14–labeled acetate and glucose substrates during incubations at 3°C and 1 atmosphere. These accreted ice data suggest that Lake Vostok may contain viable microorganisms."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1584231875389473408","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. M. Karl"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233269440632577","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. F. Bird"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Quebec à Montreal, Casier Postal 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233269440632581","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Björkman"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233269440632579","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Houlihan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233269440632576","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Shackelford"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233269440632578","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. Tupas"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1999-12-10","prism:volume":"286","prism:number":"5447","prism:startingPage":"2144","prism:endingPage":"2147"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.286.5447.2144"}],"createdAt":"2002-07-27","modifiedAt":"2024-12-08","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690409133824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Earth as a Tool for Astrobiology—A European Perspective"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361412889965611904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Airborne Microorganisms in Antarctica: Transport, Survival and Establishment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204432223488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Super bugs viewed from cosmobiology. 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