{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270479213568.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1186/1756-3305-7-25"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-7-25.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Distribution and dissemination of the Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys Kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti Brazilian natural populations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The chemical control of the mosquito<jats:italic>Aedes aegypti</jats:italic>, the major vector of dengue, is being seriously threatened due to the development of pyrethroid resistance. Substitutions in the 1016 and 1534 sites of the voltage gated sodium channel (AaNa<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>), commonly known as<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>mutations, confer the mosquito with knockdown resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the allelic composition of natural populations of Brazilian<jats:italic>Ae. aegypti</jats:italic>at both<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>sites.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The AaNa<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>IIIS6 region was cloned and sequenced from three Brazilian populations. Additionally, individual mosquitoes from 30 populations throughout the country were genotyped for 1016 and 1534 sites, based in allele-specific PCR. For individual genotypes both sites were considered as a single locus.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The 350 bp sequence spanning the IIIS6 region of the<jats:italic>AaNa</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>V</jats:italic></jats:sub>gene revealed the occurrence of the<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>mutation Phe1534Cys in Brazil. Concerning the individual genotyping, beyond the susceptible wild-type (Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>S</jats:sup>), two<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>alleles were identified: substitutions restricted to the 1534 position (Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R1</jats:sup>) or simultaneous substitutions in both 1016 and 1534 sites (Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R2</jats:sup>). A clear regional distribution pattern of these alleles was observed. The Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R1</jats:sup><jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>allele occurred in all localities, while Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R2</jats:sup>was more frequent in the Central and Southeastern localities. Locations that were sampled multiple times in the course of a decade revealed an increase in frequency of the<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>mutations, mainly the double mutant allele Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R2</jats:sup>. Recent samples also indicate that Na<jats:sub>V</jats:sub><jats:sup>R2</jats:sup>is spreading towards the Northern region.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>We have found that in addition to the previously reported Val1016Ile<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>mutation, the Phe1534Cys mutation also occurs in Brazil. Allelic composition at both sites was important to elucidate the actual distribution of<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>mutations throughout the country. Studies to determine gene flow and the fitness costs of these<jats:italic>kdr</jats:italic>alleles are underway and will be important to better understand the dynamics of<jats:italic>Ae. aegypti</jats:italic>pyrethroid resistance.</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213570","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jutta Gerlinde Birggitt Linss"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213569","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Luiz Paulo Brito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213575","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gabriela Azambuja Garcia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213571","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alejandra Saori Araki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213572","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rafaela Vieira Bruno"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213573","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"José Bento Pereira Lima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213574","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Denise Valle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1384233270479213568","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ademir Jesus Martins"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"17563305"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Parasites & Vectors"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-01-15","prism:volume":"7","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"25"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-7-25.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2014-01-15","modifiedAt":"2022-03-23","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842044123904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High frequencies of F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations and association with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Somgandé (Ouagadougou), Burkina Faso"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1756-3305-7-25"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s41182-018-0134-5_references_DOI_XRM0OrXsIMVGPSdPl63puuDK7Q"}]}