Evolutionary diversity of cone opsin genes and color vision in fish and primates

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  • Kawamura Shoji
    Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo

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  • 錐体オプシン遺伝子と色覚の進化多様性：魚類と霊長類に注目して
  • スイタイ オプシン イデンシ ト シキカク ノ シンカ タヨウセイ ギョルイ ト レイチョウルイ ニ チュウモク シテ

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  Fish and primates are highly polymorphic in color vision among vertebrates, possibly reflecting their remarkably variable light environment. To study the evolution of color vision in fish and primates, we have focused on gene duplication and allelic differentiation of their opsin genes.<BR>  By using zebrafish and medaka as model fish, we have shown that gene duplications of opsins have occurred repeatedly during fish evolution, often accompanied by differentiation of their spectral sensitivity and spatiotemporal expression patterns in the retina. We have also shown that a similar regulatory mechanism has evolved independently in fish and primates in which a single regulatory region controls the array of duplicated opsin genes.<BR>  Our behavioral observation for wild populations of New World monkeys has shown that dichromatic monkeys are more excellent in catching camouflaged insects and can be as good as trichromats in foraging fruits, implying that niche divergence or mutual benefits among different vision types may be the nature of the natural selection supporting the vision variation.

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