{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204721776256.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1270/jsbbs.56.223"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"8037075"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/8037075"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I8037075"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/56/3/56_3_223/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130004146059"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"110004789101"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Genetic Analysis of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Crops"},{"@value":"Genetic analysis of clubroot resistance in <italic>Brassica</italic> crops"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Clubroot disease is caused by an obligate parasite, <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>, and is one of the most serious diseases of <i>Brassica</i> crops worldwide. The pathogen is a eukaryote, and is a member of <i>Plasmodiophorales</i>. Recent phylogenic studies did not reveal its close relationship to fungi, but suggest a classification in Protozoa or Protoctista. The infection is thought to occur through two phases. The pathogen induces massive clubs on root, and prevents host growth. A number of clubroot resistance (CR) Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) cultivars have been bred using European turnips as sources of CR genes. Field populations of the pathogen have a wide variation of virulence, which causes the infection of CR Chinese cabbage cultivars. The CR gene of <i>B. rapa</i> is extensively studied with the aid of molecular markers. At least four independent loci are identified and mapped. They are all derived from European turnips. <i>Crr1</i>, and <i>Crr2</i> are derived from Siloga and mapped in linkage groups R8 and R6, respectively. <i>Crr3</i> from Milan White, and <i>CRb</i> from Gelria R are both mapped in R3. The molecular markers linked to <i>Crr1</i>, <i>Crr2</i> and <i>CRb</i> showed homology to the central part of the long arm of chromosome 4 of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. These findings suggest that these CR genes are derived from the same region of the ancestral genome. In contrast, <i>Crr3</i> is thought to have different origin, since its linkage markers showed homology to chromosome 3 of <i>A. thaliana</i>. Although another CR gene <i>CRa</i> is reported, the relationship between above mentioned four CR loci and <i>CRa</i> is not yet clarified. Genetic studies on CR genes in <i>B. oleracea</i> revealed a polygenic nature of the trait in this species and also suggest the presence of one CR gene having large effect. However, correspondence among the CR genes reported in these studies is not clarified because of the lack of information on base sequence of the linkage markers in this species. Strategies for breeding of more resistant Chinese cabbage cultivars to overcome the variation on virulence of field populations of the pathogen are presented. <br>"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001204721776256","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000255999852"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006168940"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hirai Masashi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyoto Prefectural University"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"13447610"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"13447610"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13473735"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000159884"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"13447610"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA11317194"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Breeding Science"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Breed. Sci."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Ｂｒｅｅｄ．　Ｓｃｉ．"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japanese Society of Breeding"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本育種学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2006","prism:volume":"56","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"223","prism:endingPage":"229"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/8037075"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I8037075"},{"@id":"http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/56/3/56_3_223/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2006","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%3Ci%3EArabidopsis%3C/i%3E","dc:title":"<i>Arabidopsis</i>"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%3Ci%3EBrassica%3C/i%3E","dc:title":"<i>Brassica</i>"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Chinese%20cabbage","dc:title":"Chinese cabbage"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=clubroot","dc:title":"clubroot"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=marker-assisted%20selection","dc:title":"marker-assisted selection"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%3Ci%3EPlasmodiophora%20brassicae%3C/i%3E","dc:title":"<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=resistance%20gene","dc:title":"resistance gene"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050012570392065024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Genetics of Clubroot and Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance in Brassica Vegetables: The Application of Marker Assisted Breeding for Disease Resistance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144802648832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Linkage analysis of RFLP markers for clubroot resistance and pigmentation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144864659200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Conservation of the microstructure of genome segments in <i>Brassica napus</i> and its diploid relatives"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145103396480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Induction of Trehalase in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Plants Infected With the Trehalose-Producing Pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146373954048","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The life history of\n                    <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>\n                    Woron"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146569110656","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The rôle of indole glucosinolates in the club root disease of the Cruciferae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283694396933504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identification and Characterization of Crr1a, a Gene for Resistance to Clubroot Disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) in Brassica rapa L."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618591563520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of a Pathotype Specific SCAR Marker in Plasmodiophora brassicae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620913068416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A genetic map for <i>Brassica oleracea</i> based on RFLP markers detected with expressed DNA sequences and mapping of resistance genes to race 2 of <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> (Woronin)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621266415104","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identification of two loci for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) in Brassica rapa L."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294812431556864","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The exploitation of genetic resources of Brassica oleracea in breeding for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298345422752128","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clubroot-resistant Broccoli Breeding Lines OSU CR-2 to OSU CR-8"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094254502784","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling of Plasmodiophora brassicae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094408126720","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Actin and Ubiquitin Protein Sequences Support a Cercozoan/Foraminiferan Ancestry for the Plasmodiophorid Plant Pathogens"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094465764352","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"RAPD markers linked to a clubroot-resistance locus in Brassica rapa L."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094605997440","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identification of a Gene in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>Controlling Resistance to Clubroot (<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>)<i/>and Characterization of the Resistance Response"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094694803072","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of French Brassica 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Through Extensive Genome Replication Accompanied by Chromosome Fusions and Frequent Rearrangements"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993393880448","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mapping of two genes for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in a population of doubled haploid lines of Brassica oleracea by means of RFLP and AFLP markers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993935665280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Expression and Localization of Nitrilase during Symptom Development of the Clubroot Disease in Arabidopsis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995131323648","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Isolate-specific and broad-spectrum QTLs are involved in the control of clubroot in Brassica oleracea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469099937408","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A contribution to the life history of Plasmodiophora brassicae: secondary plasmodia development in root galls of Arabidopsis thaliana"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469940359936","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene phylogeny of\n                    <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469956527872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Brassica rapa L."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945302529024","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Inheritance of Resistance to Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) in Kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. Acephala)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418311472896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Screening and evaluation of resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in genetic resources of Brassica oleracea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418582938880","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Peronospora parasitica and Plasmodiophora brassicae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418597457664","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mapping of one major gene and of QTLs involved in resistance to clubroot in Brassica napus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418811718656","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Role of Primary and Secondary Zoospores of<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>in the Development of Clubroot in Chinese Cabbage"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419528285312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of F2 and F3 plants introgressed with QTLs for clubroot resistance in cabbage developed by using SCAR markers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420632398464","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Association of RFLP markers with trait loci affecting clubroot resistance and morphological characters in Brassica oleracea L."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894255555840","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Nitrilase activity in clubroot diseased plants"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895180483584","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Phylogenetic analysis of Spongospora and implications for the taxonomic status of the plasmodiophorids"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368336515584","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of growing leafy daikon (\n                    <i>Raphanus sativus</i>\n                    ) on populations of\n                    <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>\n                    (clubroot)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843574707200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"SCAR and CAPS mapping of CRb, a gene conferring resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318726114560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Current Status of the Plasmodiophorids"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319415034368","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Comparative Genomics Between <i>Brassica rapa</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>: The Genetic Origin of Clubroot Resistance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319716800384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"<b>\n                      Variation for virulence on\n                      <i>Brassica napus</i>\n                      L. amongst\n                      <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>\n                      collections from France and derived single‐spore isolates\n                    </b>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320610848896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Updated and Comprehensive rRNA Phylogeny of (Crown) Eukaryotes Based on Rate-Calibrated Evolutionary Distances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794706070400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Plasmodiophoromycota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268431791616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Variation in Virulence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Japan Tested with Clubroot-resistant Cultivars of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270235161472","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Disease resistance gene homologs correlate with disease resistance loci of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204721695744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Genetic Map Based on RAPD, RFLP, Isozyme, Morphological Markers and QTL Analysis for Clubroot Resistance in Brassica oleracea."},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"genetic map based on RAPD RFLP isozyme morphological markers and QTL analysis for clubroot resistance in Brassica oleracea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204722058112","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"New Classification Method for Plasmodiophora brassicae Field Isolates in Japan Based on Resistane of F1 Cultivars of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) to Clubroot"},{"@value":"New classification method for <italic>Plasmodiophora brassicae</italic> field isolates in Japan based on resistance of F<sub>1</sub> cultivars of Chinese cabbage (<italic>Brassica rapa</italic> L.) to clubroot"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204722405504","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Conversion of RAPD Markers for a Clubroot Resistance Gene of Brassica rapa into Sequence - Taged Sites (STSs)."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205289336832","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Accumulation of Three Clubroot Resistance Genes through Marker-assisted Selection in Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>)."},{"@value":"ハクサイにおけるマーカー利用選抜による 3 根こぶ病抵抗性遺伝子の集積"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679304751104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Increase in Indole-3-acetic Acid(IAA) level and Nitrilase Activity in Turnips Induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679700209664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Fine mapping of the clubroot resistance gene <i>CRb</i> and development of a useful selectable marker in <i>Brassica rapa</i>"},{"@value":"Fine mapping of the clubroot resistance gene CRb and development of a useful selectable marker in Brassica rapa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282763011899904","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Screening of clubroot-resistant varieties and transfer of clubroot resistance genes to <i>Brassica napus</i> using distant hybridization"},{"@value":"Screening of clubroot-resistant varieties and transfer of clubroot resistance genes to Brassica napus using distant hybridization"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390290339040788096","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of novel clubroot resistant rapeseed lines (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) effective against Japanese field isolates by marker assisted selection"},{"@value":"Development of novel clubroot resistant rapeseed lines (Brassica napus L.) effective against Japanese field isolates by marker assisted selection"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520010380682051328","@type":"Article","relationType":["cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Conversion of RAPD markers for a clubroot resistance gene of Brassica rapa into sequence-tagged sites(STSs)"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Conversion of RAPD markers for a clubroot resistance gene of Brassica rapa into sequence-tagged sites 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