和牛および日本におけるヨーロッパ系牛の乳蛋白質の遣伝的多型

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Genetic Polymorphism of Milk Proteins in Japanese Cattle and European Cattle Breeds in Japan
  • ワギュウ オヨビ ニホン ニ オケル ヨーロッパケイ ウシ ノ ニュウタンパク

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説明

Gene frequencies of the milk αS1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin loci were estimated from 566 cows of three Japanese breeds and four European breeds reared in Japan. The αS1-, β-, κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin in Japanese breeds were as polymorphic as in European breeds, while α-lactalbumin was monomorphic in both. The predominant gene at each locus in Japanese breeds corresponded to those of most of European breeds rather than those of Zebu breeds. A rare new variant, β-casein A' named temporarily, was found in the two milk samples of Japanese Brown cattle. Comparisons of gene frequencies among the breeds indicate that each breed is characterizable in term of the gene frequencies of these milk protein loci, especially at β-casein locus. From the homogenity tests of gene fregencies among herds within a breed, a significant genetic differenciation was shown in Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Black breeds, but not Japanese Brown and Hereford. Distribution of the phenotypes of milk protein loci in most of the breeds agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, a tendency of heterozygote surplus at all milk protein loci was observed in many herds. The genetic distances among eleven cattle breeds including Japanese breeds were calculated from the gene frequency data and a dendrogram showing genetic similarities among breeds was obtained by the weighed pair group clustering method. The results indicate that the milk protein loci of Japanese breeds are fairly similar to those of European breeds which contributed for the improvement of the Japanese breeds, but are markedly different from those of Jersey and Hariana breed of Zebu.

収録刊行物

  • 日本畜産学会報

    日本畜産学会報 46 (11), 591-599, 1975

    公益社団法人 日本畜産学会

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