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Two independent long-term integrations over 18 winters from 1993/94 to 2010/2011 are conducted using prescribed observed SST data (OS run) and spatially smoothed data (SS run). The OS run is successful in reproducing the spatial distributions of the explosive cyclone activity in the vicinity of Japan under both strong and weak winter monsoon conditions. Under strong monsoon conditions, the Kuroshio, the Kuroshio Extension, and the Japan Sea subpolar fronts give rise to enhanced near-surface baroclinicity through the increase in heat and moisture fluxes from the ocean surface, resulting in frequent occurrence of the explosive cyclone activity along those fronts."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801197241216","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"40414403"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000040414403"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016856853"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400192842"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403034410"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400192756"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410311726"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000314383771"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415314926"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363500616"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000260207004"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400194080"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410278154"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257766538"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413527839"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410194118"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283101703"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412002571"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411562918"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000309172272"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410655224"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400194720"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283892839"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405693386"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411073850"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411811578"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410320058"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000015590727"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404665257"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018936562"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411512026"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410320051"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409182563"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404949750"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411807094"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412195234"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/iizuka.satoshi"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Iizuka 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Ryuichi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326229539584","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20443418"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020443418"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001341660"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363502981"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016772671"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767433"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768105"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767969"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283629695"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827918"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257828117"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hatsushika Hiroaki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Toyama Prefectural Environmental Science Research 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the Kuroshio Current/Kuroshio Extension"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257078313728","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22106001"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22106001"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-ORGANIZER-22106001/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"中緯度大気海洋結合系研究の推進と統括"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Promotion and Supervision of the \"Hot Spot Project\" on the Extratropical Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled System"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257084495616","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22310111"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22310111"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22310111/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本近海の爆弾低気圧活動の変動機構と気象・海象災害発生プロセスの研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Studies on explosively developing cyclone activity around Japan andthe associated natural 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