{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205222046976.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.2151/sola.2005-001"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sola/1/0/1_0_1/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"80018140384"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130004448350"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Formation Factors of 2004 Niigata-Fukushima and Fukui Heavy Rainfalls and Problems in the Predictions using a Cloud-Resolving Model"},{"@value":"Formation factors of 2004 Niigata‐Fukushima and Fukui heavy rainfalls and problems in the predictions using a cloud‐resolving model"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Localized, band-shaped heavy rainfall was observed over the Niigata-Fukushima area on July 13th 2004 and the over Fukui area on July 18th 2004. Both areas are located on the Japan-Sea side of the Japan Islands. These heavy rainfall events were a result of an intensification of convective instability over the Baiu frontal zone, induced by the inflows of low-level humid air and middle-level dry air. The middle-level air was considerably warm, not colder than the surrounding air. This indicates that the formation factors of heavy rainfall should be examined using convective instability, rather than potential instability.<BR>Numerical simulations using a cloud-resolving model with a horizontal grid of 1.5 km were carried out in an attempt to reproduce these heavy rainfall events. The Niigata-Fukushima heavy rainfall was reproduced well, while the Fukui heavy rainfall was not. This failure of the Fukui case could be the result of the uncertain analysis of the wind field over the Sea of Japan that determined the movement of low-level humid air. edevelopment of new observation systems over the sea, where upper-air sounding is seldom operated, are required to improve heavy rainfall predictions and to prevent such failures."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001205222046977","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827183"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Aranami Kohei"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Meteorological 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Teruyuki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Research Institute"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13496476"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"SOLA"},{"@language":"en","@value":"SOLA"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"公益社団法人 日本気象学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005","prism:volume":"1","prism:number":"0","prism:startingPage":"1","prism:endingPage":"4"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sola/1/0/1_0_1/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2005","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002214439218304","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Classification and forecast of heavy rainfall in northern Kyushu during Baiu season using weather 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PWV Data for a Heavy Rain Event on 28 July 2008 in Hokuriku and Kinki, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206502104576","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Reason for the Failure of the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall during X-BAIU-01—Importance of a Vertical Profile of Water Vapor for Numerical Simulations—"},{"@value":"Reason for the Failure of the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall during X-BAIU-01--Importance of a Vertical Profile of Water Vapor for Numerical Simulations"},{"@value":"Reason for the failure of the simulation of heavy rainfall during X-BAIU-01—importance of a vertical profile of water vapor for numerical simulations"},{"@value":"Quasi-stationary band-shaped precipitation systems, named “Senjo-Kousuitai”, causing localized heavy rainfall in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503540736","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"Linear Responses of Buoyancy Induced by Band-Shaped Precipitation with an End"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Linear Responses of Buoyancy Induced by Band-Shaped Precipitation with an End"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206504030848","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Climatological Reproducibility Evaluation and Future Climate Projection of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Baiu Season Using a High-Resolution Non-Hydrostatic RCM in Comparison with an AGCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206504257664","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Structure of the Band-Shaped Precipitation System Inducing the Heavy Rainfall Observed over Northern Kyushu, Japan on 29 June 1999"},{"@value":"A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization"},{"@value":"Structure of the band-shaped precipitation system inducing the heavy rainfall observed over the northern Kyushu, Japan on 29 June 1999"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505519360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contributing Factors of the Heavy Rainfall Event at Amami-Oshima Island, Japan, on 20 October 2010"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505721984","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evolution and Air flow Structure of a Kanto Thunderstorm on 21 July 1999 (the Nerima Heavy Rainfall Event)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206506819968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"極東亜熱帯湿潤気候区の低気圧にともなう豪雨"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Heavy Rainfalls Associated with Frontal Depression in Asian Subtropical Humid Region"},{"@value":"Heavy rainfalls associated with frontal depression in Asian subtropical humid region (I) synoptic-scale features"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825193286912","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Quasi-stationary Band-Shaped Precipitation Systems, Named “Senjo-Kousuitai”, Causing Localized Heavy Rainfall in Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本で集中豪雨をもたらす線状降水帯と名付けられた準停滞線状降水システム"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390010457665521664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Statistical Analysis of “Senjo-Kousuitai” in East Asia and Characteristics of Associated Large-Scale Circulations in the Baiu Season"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390019125862080896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Numerical Simulation of a Case of Heavy Rainfall in the Northern Tohoku Region of Japan on 9 August 2013"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390020065714942208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multi-scale Uncertainty of Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Baiu Frontal Zone: A Case Study from June 2022"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680197930624","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiple Frontal Structures in the Baiu Frontal Zone Observed by Aircraft on 27 June 2004"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680200632192","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Numerical Study of Rainfall Associated with a Baiu Front: A Case of Niigata-Fukushima Heavy Rainfall in 2004"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680328450560","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"FORMATION AND ENVIRONMENT OF A LINE-SHAPED RAINFALL SYSTEM OBSERVED IN NIIGATA-FUKUSHIMA HEAVY RAINFALL IN JULY 2011"},{"@value":"2011年7月新潟・福島豪雨時における線状降水帯の形状特性・環境場に関する考察"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479463040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Formation and Maintenance Processes of a Stationary Band-shaped Heavy Rainfall Observed in Niigata on 4 August 1998."},{"@value":"Structure of the band-shaped precipitation system inducing the heavy rainfall observed over northern Kyushu, Japan on 29 June 1999"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479779584","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiscale Features of Line-Shaped Precipitation System Generation in Central Japan during Late Baiu Season"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479818368","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"An Assimilation and Forecasting Experiment of the Nerima Heavy Rainfa11 with a Cloud-Resolving Nonhydrostatic 4-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System"},{"@value":"An assimilation and forecasting experiment of the Nerima heavy rainfall with a cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic 4-dimensional variational data assimilation system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480852480","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Study of Fukui Heavy Rainfall in 2004"},{"@value":"Notes and correspondence: A study of Fukui heavy rainfall in 2004"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681481313152","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Statistical Study on Cloud Top Heights of Cumulonimbi Thermodynamically Estimated from Objective Analysis Data during the Baiu Season"},{"@value":"Statistical study on cloud top height of cumulonimbi thermodynamically estimated from objective analysis data during the Baiu season"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681481466752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Two Physical Mechanisms Controlling the 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