This study examined the impact of an active phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on a torrential rain event that occurred on the western coast of Sumatra Island on 12 December 2015, using surface meteorological observations, meteorological radar observations, and balloon sounding data obtained from the pre-Years of the Maritime Continent field campaign. Strong MJO activity took place in mid-December 2015 into January 2016. Radar observations revealed that a convergence and convective cloud merger of mesoscale convective systems from an eastward propagating MJO and westward moving diurnal convection over the western coast of the island was the immediate cause of the torrential rain. An investigation of the occurrence of convection over the island showed that both westward moving diurnal convection from the mountains and eastward propagating convection from the Indian Ocean occurred on 12 December, because the westerly winds in the lower troposphere associated with the MJO were only just initiated and were weak on the day. The results suggest that the leading edge of the MJO westerly wind bursts provided favorable conditions for an active phase of the MJO to work with the westward moving diurnal convection and cause torrential rain on the western coast of Sumatra Island.
"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001205222069121","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675070"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Wu Peiming"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001205222069120","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675071"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ardiansyah Dodi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801208459904","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"40431902"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000040431902"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768582"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258521866"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001341696"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768324"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004618035"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392039327"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006350876"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675072"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236838"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413545669"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016772685"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363488245"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000020466219"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345427504"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000314065176"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413943259"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403551950"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593858"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411568370"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409315528"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363504640"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767951"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403550275"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016613196"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/satoruyokoi"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Yokoi Satoru"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751146092416","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00344309"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000344309"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363502218"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363409520"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347218966"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254959523"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000265248593"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363488795"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237753263"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363480217"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411456"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827609"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363490671"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363408788"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363479154"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363479152"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675073"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283892789"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236756"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236742"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593855"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236798"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236775"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827810"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363409885"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363407555"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363408029"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236804"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363408785"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363480536"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000250465690"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363479049"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345262195"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019125438"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363488820"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363407765"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363408595"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411453"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363478888"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242877484"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593835"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593896"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257828166"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363407312"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364842733"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411360"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411590"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411458"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363479429"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345378829"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767660"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363499324"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005957565"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363410512"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240187374"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768048"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347189129"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363410765"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363409871"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363411677"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363406800"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363401354"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/morishu"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Mori Shuichi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1030003825440979968","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675074"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000316214798"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Syamsudin Fadli"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Indonesian Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001205222069123","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363500467"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363488841"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363478915"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000314065180"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363403783"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363502726"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000327104785"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000288830382"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000311488325"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593570"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001847779"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001340836"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237753234"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768381"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240186380"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240187599"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391675075"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827597"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363410738"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236774"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257766773"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827776"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827592"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410725981"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413545665"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827967"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363408794"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000314065191"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240186328"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000263041446"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283236697"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767123"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392819038"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827504"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827538"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000288830385"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767713"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363403538"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363404502"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363403504"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363403212"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363402746"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363496783"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363404516"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/Kunio_Yoneyama"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Yoneyama Kunio"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13496476"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"SOLA"},{"@language":"en","@value":"SOLA"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"公益社団法人 日本気象学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017","prism:volume":"13","prism:number":"0","prism:startingPage":"36","prism:endingPage":"40"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sola/13/0/13_2017-007/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2017","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256816142080","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15K01167"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15K01167"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15K01167/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"インドネシア海大陸の豪雨と冬季アジアモンスーンの影響の気候学"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Climatology of heavy rainfall over the Indonesian maritime continent and its link to Asian winter monsoon"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1051693803343107968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meridional march of diurnal rainfall over Jakarta, Indonesi a, observed with a C-band Doppler radar: An overview of the HARIMAU2010 campaign"},{"@value":"Diurnal land–sea rainfall peak migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian maritime continent, observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Diurnal land-sea rainfall peak migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian IMC observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Diurnal landsea rainfall peak migration over Sumatra Island, Indonesian maritime continent observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Forecasting for flood warning"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292617910753792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observations of the 40–50-Day Tropical Oscillation—A Review"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620211258368","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the roles of the northeast cold surge, the Borneo vortex, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, and the Indian Ocean Dipole during the extreme 2006/2007 flood in southern Peninsular Malaysia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094226719872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Why a Large Amount of Rain Falls over the Sea in the Vicinity of Western Sumatra Island during Nighttime"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118812160896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Why Does Convection Weaken over Sumatra Island in an Active Phase of the MJO?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380154968960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Land-sea contrast of vertical structure of precipitation over Sumatra revealed by GPM DPR observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861704769010432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Variability of Jakarta Rain-Rate Characteristics Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Topography"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044933474816","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal Variation of Precipitable Water over a Mountainous Area of Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469514596992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Predicting the Movement of Mesoscale Convective Complexes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943685822080","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation through the Maritime Continent and scale interaction with the diurnal cycle of precipitation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419095165056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Scale Interactions between the MJO and the Western Maritime Continent"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419343126272","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Merging of Convective Clouds: Cloud Initiation, Bridging, and Subsequent Growth"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419747068416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An All-Season Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index: Development of an Index for Monitoring and Prediction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844329187456","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On cumulus mergers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205221212160","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Diurnal Variation of Rainfall and Precipitable Water over Siberut Island off the Western Coast of Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205222308096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Modulation of Diurnal Rainfall Cycle by the Madden-Julian Oscillation Based on One-Year Continuous Observations with a Meteorological Radar in West Sumatera"},{"@value":"Effect of air pollution on precipitation along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205223292928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Effects of an Active Phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Extreme Precipitation Event over Western Java Island in January 2013"},{"@value":"General application of the relative calibration adjustment (RCA) technique for monitoring and correcting radar reflectivity calibration"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505609216","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Cloud System Migration over Sumatera Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288138469632","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Moisture Transport over the Western Maritime Continent during the 2015 and 2017 YMC Sumatra Campaigns in Global Cloud-System-Resolving Simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825193774848","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Impact of Latent Heat Flux Modifications on the Reproduction of a Madden–Julian Oscillation Event during the 2015 Pre-YMC Campaign Using a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681481089280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Assessment of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent Simulated by a 20 km Mesh GCM Using TRMM PR Data"},{"@value":"Assessment of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent Simulated by a 20km Mesh GCM Using TRMM PR Data(5. Application to NWP Models,