目的 精神科救急医療体制の構築と関連する法律の整備に関して，現代の日本における課題を明らかにし，解決策を探ること。
方法 日本公衆衛生学会モニタリング・レポート委員会精神保健福祉分野のグループ活動として，2014年度から2017年度にかけて精神科救急および措置入院に関する情報収集を行った。各年次総会に提出した報告書を基に，必要に応じて文献を追加した。
結果 地域における精神科医療資源の偏在や，歴史的な精神疾患に関する認識の問題なども絡んでいるため，全国均一的な救急医療システムの構築のためには越えなければならないハードルは高い。また，強制入院の中で最も法的な強制力が強い措置入院制度に関しては，その実際的な運用を巡って全国でも地域差が大きいために，精神保健福祉法に，より具体的な記載が盛り込まれるとともに，厚生労働省から一定のガイドラインが提示されている。とくに近年は凶悪犯罪事件との関連を巡って，社会的にも関心が高まっており，一部では措置入院の保安処分化を懸念する声が上がっている。精神疾患は今や五大疾病の一つに位置づけられているが，その性質上，生活習慣病などに比べて，疫学的エビデンスが圧倒的に不足しており，これが臨床や行政の現場での対応に足並みが揃わない主要因であると考えられる。
結論 日本公衆衛生学会は，医療・福祉・行政などに携わる多職種から構成される学際的な組織である強みを活かして，多施設共同の疫学研究を主導し，措置入院解除および退院後の予後に関する，すべての関係自治体が共有しうるデータベースとしての疫学的エビデンスの構築を推進する役割を担っている。
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