This paper concerns the practice of “Family Columbaria Grave” in contemporary Japan. These grave units consist of a grave marker and a narrow box containing cremated remains, owned by and inherited within a single family. I investigated the implementation of and public reaction to Family Columbaria Grave, focusing my research on post-Meiji period Tokyo where the practice was pioneered. Due to rapid urbanization and fallout from the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923, Tokyo saw a shortage of graves and an increase of neglected graves. City planners solved these problems by introducing the “Family Columbaria Grave” as the burial system in Tokyo, as it would implement space-saving, low-costs, hygiene, and mobility. Following this implementation, this practice rapidly became well established. People built these graves to affirm the importance of familial ties, and hoped to leave them as family property until a descendant generation. Public reception was positive, as the practice was seen as a natural extension of traditional Japanese values and “Japanese familiar spirits.” Therefore, the “Family Columbaria Grave” was, unlike graves from the Edo period onward, an invented tradition of the Showa era that was strongly tinged with the character of the modern city.
"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"家族単位での利用と家的継承、およびカロートへの焼骨の収納に特徴づけられる「家族納骨墓」はどのように制度化され、そして人々にどのように受容されたのか。その先駆的なケースとして明治期以降の東京を対象とし資料調査を行った。東京では急速な都市化と関東大震災を背景に、墓地不足や無縁墓の増加など、都市計画上の墓地問題を解決するものとして、省スペースで改葬が容易な家族納骨墓が導入され、新しい墓制として一気に普及していったことが判明した。また資料からは、人々は家族納骨墓を子孫に先祖祭祀の義務を背負わせるものとは捉えておらず、むしろ家族の親密さの確認や、子孫へ遺すものとするといった動機にもとづいて建墓してきたこと、またその様式を「伝統的、家族的な日本精神」を具現化したものとして後付け的に正当化してきたことが読み取れる。したがって家族納骨墓は、近世以来の墓標とは異なり、近代都市的性格を強く帯びた「昭和の都市型墓制」として位置づけられる。
"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751137969024","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20840763"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020840763"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA19584778"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19584778#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA19584778"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242375163"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/toishiba"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"TOISHIBA Shiho"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"問芝 志保"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"筑波大学大学院"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03873293"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21883858"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"宗教研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of religious studies"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japanese Association for Religious Studies"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本宗教学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018","prism:volume":"92","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"51","prism:endingPage":"74"},"availableAt":"2018","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E7%B4%8D%E9%AA%A8%E5%A2%93","dc:title":"家族納骨墓"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%A2%93%E5%88%B6","dc:title":"東京の墓制"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E9%96%A2%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BD","dc:title":"関東大震災"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E3%80%8C%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1%E3%80%8D","dc:title":"「伝統」"}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:2007147759"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130007628719"}]}