Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the in vitro maturation of camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complexes

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  • SAADELDIN Islam M.
    Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
  • SWELUM Ayman Abdel-Aziz
    Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
  • ELSAFADI Mona
    Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • MAHMOOD Amer
    Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • YAQOOB Syed Hilal
    Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • ALFAYEZ Musaad
    Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Society for Camel Studies, Saudi Arabia
  • ALOWAIMER Abdullah N.
    Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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  • Effects of all<i>-trans</i> retinoic acid on the <i>in vitro</i> maturation of camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) cumulus-oocyte complexes

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<p> All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and has pleiotropic actions on many different biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, and is involved in different aspects of fertility and developmental biology. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RA on camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complex in vitro maturation (IVM). IVM medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 µM RA. Application of 20 µM RA significantly reduced the proportion of degenerated oocytes and significantly improved oocyte meiosis and first polar body extrusion compared to the control and other experimental groups. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the mRNA transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX and P53, and reduced the BAX/BCL2 ratio. In addition, RA significantly reduced the expression of the Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway-related transcripts associated with the actin cytoskeleton, ACTA2 and TAGLN; however, RA increased TGFβ expression in cumulus cells. The small molecule SB-431542 inhibits the TGFβ pathway by inhibiting the activity of activin receptor-like kinases (ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7); however, combined supplementation with RA during IVM compensated for the inhibitory effect of SB-431542 on cumulus expansion, oocyte meiosis I, and first polar body extrusion in activated oocytes. The current study shows the beneficial effects of RA on camel oocyte IVM and provides a model to study the multifunctional mechanisms involved in cumulus expansion and oocyte meiosis, particularly those involved in the TGFβ pathway.</p>

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