{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679355950720.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1587/transinf.e96.d.2820"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E96.D/12/E96.D_2820/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130003385453"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Robust Multi-Bit Watermarking for Free-View Television Using Light Field Rendering"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"With the rapid development of multi-view video coding (MVC) and light field rendering (LFR), Free-View Television (FTV) has emerged as new entrainment equipment, which can bring more immersive and realistic feelings for TV viewers. In FTV broadcasting system, the TV-viewer can freely watch a realistic arbitrary view of a scene generated from a number of original views. In such a scenario, the ownership of the multi-view video should be verified not only on the original views, but also on any virtual view. However, capacities of existing watermarking schemes as copyright protection methods for LFR-based FTV are only one bit, i.e., presence or absence of the watermark, which seriously impacts its usage in practical scenarios. In this paper, we propose a robust multi-bit watermarking scheme for LFR-based free-view video. The direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) watermark is constructed according to the multi-bit message and embedded into DCT domain of each view frame. The message can be extracted bit-by-bit from a virtual frame generated at an arbitrary view-point with a correlation detector. Furthermore, we mathematically prove that the watermark can be detected from any virtual view. Experimental results also show that the watermark in FTV can be successfully detected from a virtual view. Moreover, the proposed watermark method is robust against common signal processing attacks, such as Gaussian filtering, salt & peppers noising, JPEG compression, and center cropping."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679355950720","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242085633"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"TIAN Huawei"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Information Science, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679355950724","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242085634"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"ZHAO Yao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Information Science, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679355950723","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242085635"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"WANG Zheng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Information Science, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679355950721","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242085636"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"NI Rongrong"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Information Science, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679355950722","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242085637"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"QIN Lunming"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Information Science, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09168532"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"17451361"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"},{"@language":"en","@value":"IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst."}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013","prism:volume":"E96.D","prism:number":"12","prism:startingPage":"2820","prism:endingPage":"2829"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E96.D/12/E96.D_2820/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2013","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=free-view%20television","dc:title":"free-view television"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=light%20field%20rendering","dc:title":"light field rendering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=3-D%20watermarking","dc:title":"3-D watermarking"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568566731520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A New Watermarking Method for 3D Models Based on Integral Invariants"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044307842176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Light field rendering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519088981376","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geometrically robust image watermarking by sector-shaped partitioning of geometric-invariant regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519624856320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spread Spectrum-Based Multi-bit Watermarking for Free-View Video"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994342274176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995856586752","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Watermarking of Free-view Video"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470142966912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"FTV (free viewpoint television) creating ray-based image engineering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944879281280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Geometric Analysis of Light Field Rendering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945452340480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Texture-based watermarking of 3-D video objects"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945521363584","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A survey on image-based rendering—representation, sampling and compression"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418717268992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"3D Video Fingerprinting"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420216790144","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Optimized watermarking for light field rendering based free-view TV"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420770620032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of MPEG standards for 3D and free viewpoint video"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368791806976","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"3D object watermarking by a 3D hidden object"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388846234336768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Digital Blind Watermarking for Depth-Image-Based Rendering 3D Images"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318400701568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"DCT-based watermarking for video"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793370641792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Watermarking of MPEG-4 video objects"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:1002620150"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1587/transinf.e96.d.2820"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130003385453"}]}