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We named these compounds “ILSMR (<u>i</u>ntensifier of β-<u>l</u>actam-<u>s</u>usceptibility in <u>MR</u>SA).” We also found discrepancies among MRSA strains in their responses to flavone; some strains showed phenotypic susceptibility to methicillin while others showed phenotypic resistance to it. To understand the mechanism underlying this discrepancy, we characterized 20 MRSA strains in detail, analyzed their conventional and molecular typings, and examined each strain's resistance to β-lactams, with COL serving as a reference. Neither SCC<i>mec</i> typing nor coagulase typing explained the diverse effects of flavone on the β-lactam MICs of these strains. Likewise, changes in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type were not associated with the profiles of ILSMR effects. However, the present observations suggest that the ILSMR effects on MRSA is strain-specific, and that this effect depends on an as-yet unknown mechanism that is essential for the expression of the phenotype conferring β-lactam resistance to MRSA strains, independently of an interaction with the <i>mecA</i>-encoded penicillin-binding protein 2a or with the β-lactamase."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001204168550912","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018741159"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021313228"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253016834"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253012606"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392756730"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392762635"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253017843"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392755547"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253013716"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392753136"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0170978"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Shibata Hirofumi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of 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Tokushima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326217141888","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"10363160"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000010363160"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398302626"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257900557"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006143513"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283280644"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000397711816"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000380465906"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414835951"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345254481"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347253427"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403258754"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398022731"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000265247367"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283280673"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000308733691"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410650888"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000238234735"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405663117"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405663109"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000256006721"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406181084"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414847565"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412274893"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000397425657"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283598791"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000275834370"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257900053"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005234360"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000341557806"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000395366244"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006928632"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000308733707"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0165663"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Sato Yoichi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751163762560","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60263810"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060263810"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404494810"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003195703"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409495925"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018530617"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409579732"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240066615"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253020349"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283280368"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000380126121"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283281597"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257899795"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398801239"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000286626033"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406060154"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283281720"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001993667"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006502290"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000285480077"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414492895"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283280657"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410035332"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003006692"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257900755"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283281520"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000285480223"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257899724"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022084457"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/tmtm_112_10680116"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Kuwahara Tomomi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1030003658319563141","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"10037400"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000010037400"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002927819"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254596096"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392757846"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392745006"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000256566517"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003099947"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253014099"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253401098"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392761002"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000255783407"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392746070"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253401872"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392757954"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392750054"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003007244"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000252860330"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000252773627"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253014160"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000252773670"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017955482"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253670640"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392750668"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392747587"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398127741"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022088845"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254236316"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018016246"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254301116"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392747864"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ohnishi Yoshinari"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679604409861","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005117782"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Arakaki Naokatu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282679604409857","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Higuti Tomihiko"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09186158"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13475215"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000153250"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"09186158"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"09186158"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA10885497"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　＆　Ｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌ　Ｂｕｌｌｅｔｉｎ"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Ｂｉｏｌ．　Ｐｈａｒｍ．　Ｂｕｌｌ．"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"公益社団法人 日本薬学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2003","prism:volume":"26","prism:number":"10","prism:startingPage":"1478","prism:endingPage":"1483"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/6696665"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I6696665"},{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/26/10/26_10_1478/_pdf"},{"@id":"https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2004050822"}],"availableAt":"2003","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=methicillin-resistant%20%3Ci%3EStaphylococcus%20aureus%3C/i%3E%20(MRSA)","dc:title":"methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=flavone","dc:title":"flavone"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%CE%B2-lactam-resistance","dc:title":"β-lactam-resistance"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=SCC%3Ci%3Emec%3C/i%3E","dc:title":"SCC<i>mec</i>"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=population%20analysis","dc:title":"population analysis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=minimum%20inhibitory%20concentration%20(MIC)","dc:title":"minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143522728832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Baicalin Synergy with β-Lactam Antibiotics Against Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Other β-Lactam-resistant Strains of <i>S. aureus</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620746236032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Discrepancies between mecA PCR and conventional 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hospitals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894994130176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Retrospective Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Strains in Tokyo University Hospital"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368733995904","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Correlation between regulation of mecA transcription and expression of methicillin resistance in staphylococci"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369145450112","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Potentiation of methicillin activity against methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>by diterpenes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318563389184","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Novel Type of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome\n            <i>mec</i>\n            Identified in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>\n            Strains"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318613515904","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dissemination of New Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>\n            Clones in the Community"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951795159929088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269010477696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Detection of genes regulating beta-lactamase production in Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269216888832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>\n            : Comparison of Susceptibility Testing Methods and Analysis of\n            <i>mecA</i>\n            -Positive Susceptible Strains"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204150293760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Tripeptide LY301621 and Its Diastereomers as Methicillin Potentiators against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204245073536","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"No relationship exists between PBP 2a amounts expressed in different MRSA strains obtained clinically and their .BETA.-lactam MIC values"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679598677504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Synergistic Effect of Polyoxotungstates in; Combination with .BETA.-Lactam Antibiotics on Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680022418688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references","cites"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Appearance of Antibacterial Activity of Oxacillin against Methicillin Resistant <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (MRSA) in the Presence of Catechin"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"カテキンによるMRSAに対するオキサシリンの抗菌作用出現"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"カテキン ニヨル MRSA ニ タイスル オキサシリン ノ コウキン サヨウ"},{"@value":"Appearance of Antibacterial Activity of Oxacillin against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the 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