{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679609869696.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.alit.2014.12.006"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1323893014000586?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1323893014000586?httpAccept=text/plain"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130005290339"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016045329"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Immunopathology of chronic rhinosinusitis"},{"@value":"Immunophathology of chronic rhinosinusitis"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper\nairways and sinuses which persists for at least 12 weeks. CRS can be divided into two phenotypes\ndependent on the presence of nasal polyps (NPs); CRS with NPs (CRSwNP) and CRS without NPs\n(CRSsNP). Immunological patterns in the two diseases are known to be different. Inflammation in\nCRSsNP is rarely investigated and limited studies show that CRSsNP is characterized by type 1 inflammation.\nInflammation in CRSwNP is well investigated and CRSwNP in Western countries shows type 2\ninflammation and eosinophilia in NPs. In contrast, mixed inflammatory patterns are found in CRSwNP in\nAsia and the ratio of eosinophilic NPs and non-eosinophilic NPs is almost 50:50 in these countries.\nInflammation in eosinophilic NPs is mainly controlled by type 2 cytokines, IL-5 and IL-13, which can be\nproduced from several immune cells including Th2 cells, mast cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells\n(ILC2s) that are all elevated in eosinophilic NPs. IL-5 strongly induces eosinophilia. IL-13 activates\nmacrophages, B cells and epithelial cells to induce recruitment of eosinophils and Th2 cells, IgE mediated\nreactions and remodeling. Epithelial derived cytokines, TSLP, IL-33 and IL-1 can directly and indirectly\ncontrol type 2 cytokine production from these cells in eosinophilic NPs. Recent clinical trials showed the\nbeneficial effect on eosinophilic NPs and/or asthma by monoclonal antibodies against IL-5, IL-4Ra, IgE\nand TSLP suggesting that they can be therapeutic targets for eosinophilic CRSwNP."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276175977600","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60303236"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060303236"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005256375"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000312251436"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005232285"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021900543"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005405430"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364934126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391963475"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283256155"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391606435"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018880928"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022138008"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021809310"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021900335"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021807396"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000392100182"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258480539"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000256050901"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003912530"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253125479"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254930293"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000007505670"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253166687"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283598777"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398644609"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018815931"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021901995"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000274376977"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006834493"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006335108"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257906755"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019140039"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000369331169"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021802550"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345320245"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0054375"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Kato Atsushi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"13238930"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"13238930"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14401592"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Allergology International"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Allergol. Int."}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japanese Society of Allergology"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"一般社団法人日本アレルギー学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015","prism:volume":"64","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"121","prism:endingPage":"130"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1323893014000586?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1323893014000586?httpAccept=text/plain"},{"@id":"https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016045329"}],"availableAt":"2015","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Chronic%20rhinosinusitis;%20Eosinophilia;%20Nasal%20polyps;%20TSLP;%20Type%202%20inflammation","dc:title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis; Eosinophilia; Nasal polyps; TSLP; Type 2 inflammation"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050025031473980800","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Metallothionein-3 is a clinical biomarker for tissue zinc levels in nasal mucosa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215980530944","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Glandular mast cells with distinct phenotype are highly elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005521786644736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Expression of IL-25, IL-33, and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Polyp Gland Duct Epithelium in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142886825728","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High CD4+ T-Cell/B-Cell Ratio in the Paranasal Sinus Mucosa of Patients with Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142934036736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cloning of the human eosinophil chemoattractant, eotaxin. 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