{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679646346752.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.2480/agrmet.22.149"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"8416225"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/8416225"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I8416225"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/agrmet1943/22/4/22_4_149/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130004878018"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"10008232714"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evapotranspiration from Paddy Field"},{"@value":"水田の蒸発散"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"スイデン ノ ジョウハッサン"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"During the growing season (June 26 to Oct. 6, 1965) of rice plants, as part of a wide-ranging study of problems on water balance in river basins, the N.I.A.S. Division of Meteorology made measurements of meteorological elements in the surface air layer over a paddy field at Konosu, Saitama, in order to estimate the evapotranspiration from a paddy field. The data are first summarized in hourly mean and hourly total values. The evapotranspiration was estimated by processing the data by heat balance, combination and gradient (bulk) methods. respectively.<br>The radiative dry index (=Σ<i>S</i>/Σ<i>lr</i>) for the period of rice growing was found to be 0.89, implying that the climatic condition during the growing season was rather humid. The ratio of total evapotranspiration to total rain fall evaluated from the value of radiative dry index was 0.72 and was in accordance with the measured value (0.73). The total evapotranspiration from the paddy field was respectively estimated as 309mm by heat balance method, 347mm combination method and 317mm bulk method. These values were smaller than the total evaporation (379mm) measured by a small evaporimeter (diameter, 20cm) in a near enclosure. The net radiant equivalent (=Σ<i>S/l</i>, 378mm) was in good agreement with the pan evaporation.<br>Mean value of the ratio (=Σ<i>E<sub>T</sub></i>/Σ<i>E<sub>p</sub></i>; <i>E<sub>T</sub></i>, evapotranspiration by heat balance method; <i>E<sub>p</sub></i>, pan evaporation) was found to be 0.82 and to be somewhat small comparing with those (1.0-1.2) reported by several researchers. Our result indicates that, for the growing period of rice plants, (1+β) is constantly larger than 1.0 and that there is a some sensible heat loss. Dependence of evapotranspiration (<i>E<sub>T</sub></i>) on net radiant equivalent (<i>S<sub>*</sub>=S/l</i>) was approximated by<br>E<sub>T</sub>=0.82S<sub>*</sub>.<br>The value of a proportional constant was in accordance with those obtained at irrigated ryegrass fields and paddy fields. This seems to indicate that the adverted heat does not contribute a significant part of the latent heat used in evapotranspiration from wide paddy fields under moist climatic conditions like summer in Japan. The following relation was obtained between <i>E<sub>c</sub></i> (evapotranspiration estimated by combination method) and <i>E<sub>T</sub></i>:<br>E<sub>T</sub>=0.92E<sub>C</sub>.<br>The difference between <i>E<sub>T</sub></i> and <i>E<sub>C</sub></i> may be due to not taking into account the effect of dryness of the plant canopy on evaportanspiration in the calculation.<br>It can be concluded from results presented above that the heat balance method and the combination method are suitable for estimating evapotranspiration from paddy fields. However, it is much desirable to compare evapotranspiration estimated by these methods with that determined directrly by lysimeters or an evapotron."},{"@value":"1965年の夏 (26June～5Oct.)に「河川流域における水収支機構に関する研究」の一環として埼玉県鴻巣市にある農事試験場の隣接水田で行なつた長期連続気象観測の資料が間接法 (熱収支法・複合法・傾度法) を用いて蒸発散推定に使用された。すべての記録は1時間ごとに平均され, これらを用いて蒸発散の時間量が推定された。これに基づいて日量, 半旬量などが計算された。それらからえられた結果を要約するとつぎのようである。<br>1. 水稲の全生育期間における全純放射量 (Σ<i>S</i>) と全雨量 (Σ<i>r</i>) を用いて計算した放射乾燥度 (=Σ<i>S</i>/Σ<i>lr</i>) は0.89となり, 巨視的な生育期間気候は中湿よりやや湿潤状態にあることがわかつた。放射乾燥度から求めた<i>E<sub>T</sub>/r</i>は0.72となり実測値0.73と非常によく一致した。<br>2. 全期間の蒸発散量は熱収支法では309mm, 複合法で347mm, 傾度法 (Bulk 法) では317mmになつた. これらはいずれも隣接水田内の露場での小型蒸発計の値 (379mm) より低かつた。水田に与えられた純放射量が蒸発散のみに使用されると仮定したときの最大可能蒸発量は378mmとなり, 小型蒸発計の値と一致した。<br>3. 蒸発計値に対する水田蒸発散量の比は全期間についてみると0.82となり, 現在まで水田内での水収支法でえられている比 (約1.2) に比較して小さい。このような差異の原因としては, 平均化期間の差異 (熱収支法などでは全生育期間が使用されているが, 水収支法では雨天以外の期間が用いられている), 測定地点周辺の環境の差異 (周辺反射光と空気の群落内への流入など) などが考えられる。<br>4. 水田の純放射量と蒸発散量との間には生育の段階に無関係につぎの比例関係が成立することがわかつた:<br>E<sub>T</sub>=0.82S<sub>*</sub><br>これは他の研究者によつて潅漑 ryegrass 畑や水田でえられている関係とよく一致した。多湿な広い水田地帯では移流熱の影響はなく, 水田上の Bowen 比は常に正で, 約0.22となることがわかつた。<br>5. 複合法による蒸発散値 (<i>E<sub>C</sub></i>) と熱収支法による値 (<i>E<sub>T</sub></i>) との間にはつぎの関係があり<br>E<sub>T</sub>=0.92E<sub>C</sub>,<br>複合法は水田蒸発散量の推定に有効であることがわかつた。Bulk 法と熱収支法との比較から, 測点のちらばりは若干あるが, 両者は大体一致することがわかつた。<br>水田蒸発散量の間接推定法は比較的に妥当な結果を与えることがわかつたが, 現在まで報告されている蒸発計の値と蒸発散量との比については若干の差異のあることがわかつた。これは水田用水量決定上における重要な問題であるので, 広い水田内に大型秤量ライシメーターを設けて, 直接法と間接法による水田蒸発散量の比較測定が必要である。"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410853646489125888","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283418601"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Research group of evapotranspiration"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"蒸発散研究グループ"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Div. of Meteorology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"農業技術研究所気象科"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00218588"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"00218588"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18810136"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000019233"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"00218588"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA11530034"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of Agricultural Meteorology"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"農業気象"},{"@language":"en","@value":"J. Agric. Meteorol."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"農業気象"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本農業気象学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1967","prism:volume":"22","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"149","prism:endingPage":"157"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/8416225"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I8416225"},{"@id":"http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/agrmet1943/22/4/22_4_149/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"1967","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360287144281099392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High-Resolution Mapping of Japanese Microplastic and Macroplastic Emissions from the Land into the Sea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204282281216","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comparison of Water Use Efficiency of Paddy Rice(Oryza sativa L.) among Locations and Interannual Variation in Humid Areas. 1. Reliability of estimated canopy transpiration rate from meteorological and physiological data of the crop."},{"@value":"水稲水利用効率の地域・年度間比較　第１報　気象および植物体要因を組み入れた群落蒸散量の推定"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"スイトウミズ リヨウ コウリツ ノ チイキ ネンドカン ヒカク 1 キショウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679644639360","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comparison of Rice Growing-stage Evapotranspiration by Water Balance and Eddy Correlation Methods"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679646787072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Seasonal Variation in Evapotranspiration from Mat Rush Grown in Paddy Field"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"イグサ田における蒸発散量の季節変化"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679646907264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evapotranspiration in a rice paddy field over 13 crop years"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:0027250075"},{"@type":"NDL_SEARCH","@value":"oai:ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp:R000000004-I8416225"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2480/agrmet.22.149"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"10008232714"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130004878018"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2480/agrmet.d-16-00011_references_DOI_QwVi6LCJTrBy26C7URogGjJAs2O"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2480/agrmet.379_references_DOI_QwVi6LCJTrBy26C7URogGjJAs2O"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2480/agrmet.60.1_references_DOI_QwVi6LCJTrBy26C7URogGjJAs2O"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/w12040951_references_DOI_QwVi6LCJTrBy26C7URogGjJAs2O"}]}