一九四〇年代イギリスにおける住宅構想とその現実 : ポーツマスとコヴェントリーを中心にして

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Visions and Realities of Popular Housing Provision in Britain in the 1940s, with particular reference to Portsmouth and Coventry
  • 1940年代イギリスにおける住宅構想とその現実--ポーツマスとコヴェントリーを中心にして
  • 1940ネンダイ イギリス ニ オケル ジュウタク コウソウ ト ソノ ゲンジ
公開日
1995
DOI
  • 10.20624/sehs.61.1_1
公開者
社会経済史学会

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説明

The existing historiography has done much to highlight the impact of the Second World War on social reform in Britain. Indeed the extensive damage done to major British cities and their housing stock provided a unique opportunity for architects and town planners to set a new standard in postwar housing, which would deal with slums as well as with the problem of urban sprawl. Accordingly the idea of neighbourhood unit planning was promoted, with its mix of dwelling types and provision of social facilities. This article, by considering the contrasting cases of two blitzed cities, Portsmouth and Coventry, examines how the design solutions advanced by these experts intersected both with public opinion and the implementation of housing policy under the 1945 Labour Government. The picture that emerges is of Portsmouth, prompted by Whitehall and operating in a relatively favourable environment, choosing to concentrate on the basics in housing provision. In Coventry, on the other hand, the priority given to industrial expansion because of the plight of the British eoonomy represented a constant threat to the city council's housing programme with its central idea of providing for the community. Yet the performances of the two cities in terms of housebuilding were very similar and there is evidence that their experience was typical of what was happening elsewhere in the late 1940s : the high standard of individual houses contrasted with the poor provision of social facilities on new housing estates. Thus the realities in popular housing provision did not match the high hopes of architects and planners. Their influence was very much circumscribed by the difficult economic circumstances of the late 1940s and by the existence of conservative, anti-planning forcesin society.

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