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Colonic bacteria cleave the oligosaccharide connected to the aglycone stepwise from the terminal sugar to afford the major metabolites, 20<i>S</i>-protopanaxadiol 20-<i>O</i>-β-<sc><font size = \"-2\">D</font></sc>-glucopyranoside (M1) and 20<i>S</i>-protopanaxatriol (M4). These metabolites are further esterified with fatty acids. The resultant fatty-acid conjugates are still active molecules that are sustained longer in the body than parental metabolites. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that ginsenoside is a prodrug that is activated in the body by intestinal bacterial deglycosylation and fatty acid esterification.<br>"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282680154199680","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001285618"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021159248"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hasegawa Hideo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Fermenta Herb Institute Inc."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"13478613"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13478648"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000003539610"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"13478613"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"13478613"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA11806667"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences"},{"@language":"en","@value":"J Pharmacol 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