KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF BALLET SPLIT JUMPS

KAMEYAMA Aiko, MORISITA Harumi

doi:10.3951/biomechanisms.13.13

1. Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze ballet split jumps, focusing on the movement of the dancer's working leg and the way it affects the whole jumping motion. At the same time, we investigate how the movement of the working leg depends on the dancer's achievement level in classical ballet, comparing the jumps of dancers of different levels. 2. Methods The subjects are 14 women who have taken dancing lessons. We divided them into two groups: (1) Dancers at advanced level: 7 professional ballet dancers (=PD group); (2) Dancers at beginning/intermediate level: 7 students majoring in dance (=DS group). We asked them to execute two types of classical ballet split jumps: (1) grand jete=GJ; (2) grand pas de chat=GP. We videotaped their jumping motions with two video cameras. Our method of examination is three-dimensional kinematic analysis, using APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System). 3. Parameters We obtained the following parameters: (1) displacement of center of gravity; (2) angle of upper body; (3) maximum knee flexion angle of supporting leg; (4) velocity of center of gravity. 4. Results In doing both jumps, PD group decreased the take-off velocity more than DS group. The jumping distance of PD group was shoter than that of DS group. The jumps of PD group are described as upward-moving or vertical, and those of DS group as forward-moving or horizontal. Using these parameters, we can summarize the results as follows: (1) The horizontal take-off velocity of DS group is greater than that of PD group in both GJ and GP. (2) The maximum displacement of center of gravity of PD group is higher in both GJ and GP. (3) The forward-bending angle of the upper body of DS group is greatest around the time of the maximum displacement of center of gravity. (4) The maximum knee flexion angle of the supporting leg of PD group is greater than that of DS group in both GJ and GP.

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF BALLET SPLIT JUMPS

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