{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680324310784.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.11168/jeb1947.2005.l1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"7885529"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/7885529"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I7885529"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130003867582"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The virabhojya ritual and Vajrayana bhiksus"},{"@value":"〈勇者の饗宴〉儀礼と金剛乗の比丘"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ユウシャ ノ キョウエン ギレイ ト コンゴウジョウ ノ ビク"}],"dc:language":"ja","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The present author researched the group-oriented religious practices in the last phase of Indian Esoteric Buddhism, namely, <i>Vajrayana</i> or tantric Buddhism. The <i>ganacakra</i> (tantric feast) occupied the central positions in Vajrayana group-oriented religious practices.<br>Some time after the establishment of <i>ganacakra</i>, a new version of religious ritual called <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> (the heroes'/heroines' feast) entered into existence to accompany the <i>ganacakra</i> ritual in the Buddhist world. Whereas the <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> ritual is confined to either the male or female sexes, the <i>ganacakra</i> ritual consists of both sexes.<br>This paper aims to discuss the <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> in connection with <i>ganacakra</i> and to demonstrate the orientation and mentality of <i>sanghas</i> (Buddhist Orders) towards these group-oriented practices. The fact remains that joining <i>ganacakra</i> for attaining enlightenment necessitates that participants drink alcohol, eat meat and perform sex-<i>yoga</i>, the practices of which contradict the <i>Vinaya</i>, the time-honored Buddhist precepts. According to the <i>Vinaya</i>, offenders of the precepts are said to f all to hell.<br>Firstly, this paper observes participants of the newly introduced <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> ritual and the seating arrangement according to the traditional categorical demarcations of <i>sangha</i> membership.<br>Secondly, this paper discusses the differences in nature between <i>ganacakra</i> and <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> centering on the existence of sex-<i>yoga</i>.<br>Lastly, this paper will discuss the way that some <i>Vajrayana</i> monks in <i>sanghas</i> applied <i>Vajrayana</i> interpretation to the time-honored norms of eating and drinking manners originating in Early Buddhism in an effort to justify <i>sangha</i> members to participate in the <i>ganacakra</i> and <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> rituals.<br>The present author concludes that <i>Vajrayana</i> monks not only took part in authentic <i>ganacakra</i> but also took initiative to organize the <i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i> ritual and encourage <i>sangha</i> members to join them."},{"@value":"筆者はこれまで、インド後期密教に現れる集団的修法を研究してきた。その中心的な儀礼がガナチャクラ (<i>ganacakra</i> 以下、聚輪) である。後期密教も時代が下るとその文献には、聚輪儀礼に付随する形で新たに〈勇者の饗宴〉(<i>virabhojya</i>/<i>virabhojya</i>) 儀礼が現れてくる。本稿はこの儀礼を聚輪儀礼との関連の下に検討し、先ず儀礼メンバーの構成が伝統的な比丘・比丘尼僧伽と重なることを見る。次に当儀礼と聚輪儀礼が相違する点を述べる。そしていわゆる「在野の密教行者集団」と「教団密教」の相互交渉を視野に入れて、僧伽が全面的に参加するこの〈勇者の饗宴〉儀礼を僧団 (僧伽) の側に視点を当てて論じる。"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001205379533568","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004115565"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"SHIZUKA Haruki"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"静 春樹"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"密教文化研究所"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"02869837"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"1884345X"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000022661"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"02869837"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"02869837"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AN00234982"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of Esoteric Buddhism"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"密教文化"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of Esoteric Buddhism"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"密教文化"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Association of Esoteric Buddhist Studies"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"密教研究会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005","prism:volume":"2005","prism:number":"214","prism:startingPage":"L1","prism:endingPage":"L25"},"url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/7885529"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I7885529"}],"availableAt":"2005","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E5%8B%87%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E9%A5%97%E5%AE%B4","dc:title":"勇者の饗宴"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%20(%E8%81%9A%E8%BC%AA)","dc:title":"ガナチャクラ (聚輪)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E8%81%9A%E4%BC%9A%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%BC%E7%BE%85","dc:title":"聚会曼荼羅"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98%E3%83%BB%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98%E5%B0%BC%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD","dc:title":"比丘・比丘尼僧伽"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E4%B9%97","dc:title":"金剛乗"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BF%20(%E3%82%B5%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3)","dc:title":"サキャ・パンディタ (サパン)"}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:0036195411"},{"@type":"NDL_SEARCH","@value":"oai:ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp:R000000004-I7885529"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130003867582"}]}