近代社会的価値観と偏差値

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Values in Modern Society and “Hensachi”
  • キンダイ シャカイテキ カチカン ト ヘンサチ
  • Values in Modern Society and ^|^ldquo;Hensachi^|^rdquo;

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説明

Among the criticisms of the overheated competition of entrance exams, the most frequent and, perhaps, severest one is that the examinees' choice of their target is exclusively determined by “hensachi”(i.e., the deviation values of the marks of the pre-tests conducted by some preparatory schools or examination companies). Actually, however, the dependence on “hensachi” among examinees seems to have been accelerated.<BR>The reason for this phenomenon is that “hensachi” is, overtly or covertly, supported by the values which Japanese have shared and approved, and it is upon these values that they have modernized their country.<BR>In this paper, three important values are chosen for examination: competition, equalityandrationalization.<BR>As Hobbes elucidated, modern human relations are based on the fact that individuals gain satisfaction when they feel superior to others. This competitive relation is approved by the modern personality. For such modern human relations, “hensachi” is a suitable mediator, because, indicating only relative superiority, it is in accordance with the very principle of competition in modern society.<BR>The principle of equality is acknowledged in modern society. But it should be noted that there is a difference between “equality in starting point”(the equality of opportunity) and “equality in result”(substantial equality). Only the former fits in with the principle of competition.<BR>In Japan, the demand for equality has converged on the demand for the equality of opportunity, which justifies the inequality in result, and which, accordingly, sanctifies the severity of competition in passing the entrance exams.<BR>Modern capitalism promotes the formal rationality, “calculability”, to the maximum extent, as Weber explained. With its precise calculation, “hensachi” indicates to an examinee the most highly-ranked school whose entrance exam he/she can supposedly pass. In this sense, “hensachi” is a perfect tool for rationalization.<BR>Thus, it can be said that “hensachi” is in conformity with the modern social values appreciated by Japanese; in other words, people themselves support “hensachi” without knowing it. Therefore, in order to cease dependence on. “hensachi”, we must examine modern values and, more essentially, the quality of our modern lives.

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