{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680487375360.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2014013s"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/foodsafetyfscj/2/1/2_2014013s/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130005003352"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ethoxyquin"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Summary"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of ethoxyquin (CAS          No. 91-53-2), an antioxidant and a plant growth regulator. The data from all the            <i>in vitro</i> reverse mutation tests were negative, while positive results          were obtained in chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamster ovary cells and human          peripheral blood lymphocytes and also in the mouse lymphoma TK test. As for <i>in            vivo</i> studies, ethoxyquin gave a weak positive response in the liver          micronucleus test in juvenile rats, but negative responses in the mouse bone marrow          micronucleus test and the unscheduled DNA synthesis test using rat liver. Although          ethoxyquin and/or its metabolite(s) induce chromosomal aberration, the influence on the          chromosomal aberration is likely to be associated with ethoxyquin’s action on the          functional protein component rather than the direct DNA damage in the body. Results from          the 30-month combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study suggest that ethoxyquin has a          carcinogenic potential in the urinary bladder in female rats. Therefore, it is unlikely          that ethoxyquin in normal uses exerts the carcinogenicity through a genotoxic mechanism.          Based on various data, FSCJ designated ethoxyquin and its dimer to the residue definition          in agricultural products. Residual ethoxyquin dimer has been found as an ethoxyquin          metabolite at a substantial level in cultured fishes such as salmons. Toxicity of the          dimer has been studied only in one 90-day subacute toxicity test where the toxicity was          not observed at the dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight/day. Ethoxiquin used for the most of          toxicity studies seems to contain ethoxiquin dimer as an impurity. Taking the results from          such toxicity studies into consideration, it is unlikely that toxicity of the dimer is          stronger than that of the parent compound. Among the no-observed-adverse-effect levels          (NOAELs) obtained in various studies, the lowest NOAEL was 2 mg/kg body weight/day          obtained in the 90-day subacute toxicity study in dogs. FSCJ, however, judged that it was          more appropriate to adopt the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 2.5 mg/kg          body weight/day obtained in the two-generation reproduction toxicity study in dogs which          was performed more recently and administered for a longer period of time, as a basis for          acceptable daily intake (ADI). Accordingly, FSCJ specified the ADI for ethoxyquin as          0.0083 mg/kg body weight/day, based on this LOAEL and applying a safety factor of 300."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282680487375360","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283713138"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Food Safety Commission of Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21878404"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"21878404"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"Food Safety"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Food Safety"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Food Safety"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Food Safety"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"内閣府食品安全委員会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014","prism:volume":"2","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"14","prism:endingPage":"15"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/foodsafetyfscj/2/1/2_2014013s/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2014","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390851430024660224","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Subject fields in Food Safety during 10 years"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:1003116995"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2014013s"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130005003352"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-21-00007_references_DOI_OHUQdEvbqzNaEwXBDtCICWTOqXY"}]}