This paper examines the space of folk religious practice re-formed in the central part of Amdo, which is undergoing transitional modernization under state-led development.
The “Development West” project on the contemporary Tibetan Plateau started in 2000 and has continued now for over 16 years. As part of this project, the infrastructure network comprising huge dams, the power network supplied by hydroelectric power stations, highways and airports, the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and the 3G broadband networks are now widely covering the Tibetan rural communities. The complex of modernity spread by this state-led development has had an extensive influence on the holy places in Tibet that were previously isolated from society by being located in inhospitable natural environments. Such entangled situations where religiosity and modernity are deployed intricately in the physical space of a holy place cannot be sufficiently grasped by a traditional Buddhism-centered approach, which has analyzed the structure of the holy place by examining the cosmological framework given to the natural space.
In this article, after acknowledging the fundamental fact that the holy place is a physical space, I examine how the structure of the holy place that was materialized by interpreting “natural space” as “pure land” is influenced by a market-oriented modernity that pervades the holy place from the outside.
"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"共産主義政権下で過渡的かつ急速な近代化状況に置かれている現代チベットの聖地に形成される民衆的な宗教実践の空間を、その空間自体の商業主義的な変化に着目して検討する。従来、欧米研究者を主体とする聖地研究では、仏教文献に見出されるコスモロジーの理解を主軸として、これに従属する自然空間と巡礼者がどのような儀礼的対応性を構築しているかが最大の関心事であり、その聖地をめぐる信仰環境の多様化が考慮に入れられることはほとんどなかった。本論では、「自然空間」を「浄土的空間」に読み替えることで成立してきた聖地の宗教性が、僧院経済の多角化や外から入り込む商業民の影響を受けて、実際の信仰実践の場となる個別霊跡のレベルで経済利潤の獲得対象となっている実状を示す。これにより、過渡的開発圧力に晒されている現代チベットの聖地内部においては、浄土的コスモロジーに基づく価値体系に併走して、経済的需給関係に基づく商業空間が自律的に形成されており、従来の研究で不動の中心軸とされてきた浄土的コスモロジーが信仰空間を一元的に組織していくという見方は修正されるべきことが主張される。
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