{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479988608.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2015-042"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"027080326"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/027080326"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027080326"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmsj/94A/0/94A_2015-042/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130005125547"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Reconsidering the Quality and Utility of Downscaling"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Dynamical downscaling (DDS) is performed using regional climate models (RCMs) with global atmospheric states as the input, but there is no consensus among researchers on how to define and estimate the resolvable scale of the various climatic variables obtained by DDS. Sources of RCM uncertainties, including both internal model and intermodel variability, have been assessed by performing ensemble simulations and model intercomparisons, sometimes under the controversial assumption that model bias is independent of the climatic state. Compared with low-resolution global climate simulations, DDS can add value in several ways. For example, because they consider high-resolution topographic data, RCMs can often capture mesoscale phenomena and can better represent climate dynamics. Another downscaling method, empirical statistical downscaling (ESD), is complementary to DDS because it is based on a different philosophy (i.e., sources of information) and on a mostly different set of assumptions. More collaboration and communication should be encouraged among those who develop models, those who use models and perform downscaling, those who use downscaling data, and those who make decisions based on the scientific results provided by models. In addition, ensemble experiments should be devised that can more effectively benefit impact studies. Using DDS and ESD, separately or in combination, users can maximize the utility of local climate information."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282681479988610","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017293529"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"CHRISTENSEN Jens Hesselbjerg"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326230536064","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"30391121"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000030391121"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003132885"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000270296520"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347224912"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000315141617"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399222110"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258521151"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400194363"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283893137"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000290821682"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258267797"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283893647"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254959025"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000317129250"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399252766"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283893438"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345211605"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399836393"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404003799"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283101704"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768405"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258522359"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258524542"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254411941"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258524400"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399252805"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018925213"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400192445"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345211136"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254412651"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258521495"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283893635"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000317130238"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400192685"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345334050"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000317130234"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400192452"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000312832112"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000387897645"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399372772"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258522659"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283893394"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347187003"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240186575"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000347187252"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257768389"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241544121"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254410969"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258524239"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345211148"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000390925763"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241773314"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"DAIRAKU Koji"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Tsukuba, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282681479988612","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000315141618"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"BENESTAD Rasmus"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282681479988609","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000315141619"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"STORCH Hans von"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht für Material- und Küstenforschung, Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282681479988613","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000315141616"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"KANAMARU Hideki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410282681479988611","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000315141615"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"TAKAYABU Izuru"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21869057"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000388871"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA00702524"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"気象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@value":"気象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"気象集誌"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"氣象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"en","@value":"JMSJ"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"公益社団法人 日本気象学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016","prism:volume":"94A","prism:number":"0","prism:startingPage":"31","prism:endingPage":"45"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/027080326"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027080326"},{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmsj/94A/0/94A_2015-042/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2016","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=dynamical%20downscaling","dc:title":"dynamical downscaling"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=empirical%20statistical%20downscaling","dc:title":"empirical statistical downscaling"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=ensemble%20experiments","dc:title":"ensemble experiments"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=skillful%20scale","dc:title":"skillful scale"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=uncertainty","dc:title":"uncertainty"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050002213759805184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Benefits of high-resolution downscaling experiments for assessing strong wind hazard at local scales in complex terrain: a case study of Typhoon Songda (2004)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050285700268508160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Large-Eddy-simulation analysis of airflows and strong wind hazards in urban areas"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617396397568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Methodology of the Constraint Condition in Dynamical Downscaling for Regional Climate Evaluation: A Review"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619788390528","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Recommended Specific Definition of “Resolution”"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619989083904","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Physical constraints for temperature biases in climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620125658752","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Evaluation of Forecasts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621151844736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Incremental Correction for the Dynamical Downscaling of Ensemble Mean Atmospheric Fields"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621381744256","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An alternate approach to assessing climate risks"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621482080768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program: Overview of Phase I Results"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621524744448","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Internal variability of regional climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094725436160","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate models at their limit?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094858556800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dynamical downscaling: Fundamental issues from an NWP point of view and recommendations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095775652096","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A lateral boundary formulation for multi-level prediction models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656150384512","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Perturbed physics ensemble using the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM without flux corrections: experimental design and results"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568671776512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate mode simulation of North Atlantic polar lows in a limited area model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569435321728","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A comparison between two empirical downscaling strategies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569866306816","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Precipitation downscaling under climate change: Recent developments to bridge the gap between dynamical models and the end user"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570010326528","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"21st century changes in the European climate: uncertainties derived from\n                        an ensemble of regional climate model simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570674177024","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Bias Correction, Quantile Mapping, and Downscaling: Revisiting the Inflation Issue"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043526877056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Empirical-Statistical Downscaling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044865495552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"State‐of‐the‐art with regional climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045411327104","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Downscaling of Global Climate Change Estimates to Regional Scales: An Application to Iberian Rainfall in Wintertime"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045470464384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Potential for added value in precipitation simulated by high-resolution nested Regional Climate Models and observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137046229452800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Communication of the role of natural variability in future North American climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519675640960","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sensitivity of a Spectrally Filtered and Nudged Limited-Area Model to Outer Model Options"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520228797824","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Toward a Multi-Decadal Climatology of North Pacific Polar Lows Employing Dynamical Downscaling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994316085504","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Exploring Perturbed Physics Ensembles in a Regional Climate Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994581507200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simulation of the Asian Summer Monsoons of 1987 and 1988 with a Regional Model Nested in a Global GCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995345251200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Spectral Nudging Technique for Dynamical Downscaling Purposes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996040216960","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Empirical‐statistical downscaling in climate modeling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469511427968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate Forcing by Changing Solar Radiation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469855068160","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of a dynamic downscaling of precipitation over the Norwegian\n                        mainland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471471902208","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Empirical downscaling of wind speed probability distributions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943422920064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The spread amongst ENSEMBLES regional scenarios: regional climate models, driving general circulation models and interannual variability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944778734848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate change impacts on wind speeds and wind energy density in northern Europe: empirical downscaling of multiple AOGCMs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945423681152","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Scenario of Storm Surge Statistics for the German Bight at the Expected Time of Doubled Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946242178688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Downscaling from GCM precipitation: a benchmark for dynamical and statistical downscaling methods"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946403693056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A review on regional dynamical downscaling in intraseasonal to seasonal simulation/prediction and major factors that affect downscaling ability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418278000000","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420773617920","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The simulation of medicanes in a high-resolution regional climate model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544421373034496","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temperature dependent climate projection deficiencies in CMIP5 models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893382688512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Use of a limited‐area model nested in a general circulation model for regional climate simulation over Europe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893821219200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Regional Climate Change Assessment Program for North America"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894052653056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional Meteorological–Marine Reanalyses and Climate Change Projections"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894109779968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluating the performance and utility of regional climate models: the PRUDENCE project"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894492809344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the need for bias correction of regional climate change projections of temperature and precipitation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895738516608","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A regional climate model for the western United States"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895977098880","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Towards Prediction of Decadal Climate Variability and Change"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368423199744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A New Global Set of Downscaled Temperature Scenarios"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368649913344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Overestimation of Mediterranean summer temperature projections due to model deficiencies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369821572480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Novel methods for inferring future changes in extreme rainfall over Northern Europe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107370048407168","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up, Resource-Based Vulnerability Perspective"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107370058814848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"PRUDENCE employs new methods to assess European climate change"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107370917831040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107371379096320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Project to Intercompare Regional Climate Simulations (PIRCS): Description and initial results"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843907823616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional Climate Models Add Value to Global Model Data: A Review and Selected Examples"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318698494464","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Conditional stochastic model for generating daily precipitation time series"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319737706624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project for Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320729820928","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A COMPARISON OF DELTA CHANGE AND DOWNSCALED GCM SCENARIOS FOR THREE MOUNTAINOUS BASINS IN THE UNITED STATES<sup>1</sup>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320931610240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical bias correction for daily precipitation in regional climate models over Europe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793253558272","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An intercomparison of regional climate simulations for Europe: assessing uncertainties in model projections"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794124711552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Empirical‐statistical downscaling and error correction of daily precipitation from regional climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794407661440","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Approaches to the simulation of regional climate change: A review"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268475328640","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Weight assignment in regional climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268635114240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sensitivity of a Regional Atmospheric Model to a Sea State–Dependent Roughness and the Need for Ensemble Calculations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268900546432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Western Europe is warming much faster than expected"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269727626624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On Determining the Statistical Significance of Climate Experiments with General Circulation Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270540866432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Verification of GCM-Generated Regional Seasonal Precipitation for Current Climate and of Statistical Downscaling Estimates under Changing Climate Conditions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233271022535296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the sensitivity of a regional Arctic climate model to initial and boundary conditions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505092992","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Asian Monsoon and its Future Change in Climate Models: A Review"},{"@value":"The Asian monsoon and its future change in climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206506492544","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"スペクトル境界法を用いた狭領域モデルの長時間積分の性能について"},{"@language":"en","@value":"The Performance of Long-Term Integrations of a Limited Area Model with the Spectral Boundary Coupling Method"},{"@value":"スペクトル境界法を用いた狭領域モデルの長時間積分の性能について〔英文〕"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"スペクトル キョウカイホウ オ モチイタ キョウリョウイキ モデル ノ チョウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679645681152","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Combined Equations for Estimating Global Solar Radiation: Projection of Radiation Field over Japan under Global Warming Conditions by Statistical Downscaling"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"全天日射量推定のための複合式：統計的ダウンスケーリング手法による温暖化後の日本の日射環境の予測"},{"@value":"Combined equations for estimating global solar radiation: projection of radiation Japan under global warming conditions by statistical downscaling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681477662848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Regional Climate Modeling: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects"},{"@value":"Regional Climate Modeling : Progress, Challenges, and Prospects(<Special Edition>Regional Climate Modeling for Monsoon System)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480225664","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Climate Downscaling as a Source of Uncertainty in Projecting Local Climate Change Impacts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480236032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"An Attempt to Estimate of Probabilistic Regional Climate Analogue in a Warmer Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480239104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Urban Climate Projection by the WRF Model at 3-km Horizontal Grid Increment: Dynamical Downscaling and Predicting Heat Stress in the 2070’s August for Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya Metropolises"},{"@value":"Urban climate projection by the WRF model at 3-km horizontal grid increment: dynamical downscaling and predicting heat stress in the 2070's August for Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya metropolies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681481872000","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"領域気候シミュレーションのために領域モデルと大循環モデルとを結合させる新しい試み"},{"@language":"en","@value":"A New Approach for Coupling a Limited Area Model to a GCM for Regional Climate Simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390287142239068672","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Potential of representing the diurnal cycle of local-scale precipitation in northeastern Thailand using 5-km and 2-km grid regional climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390564238000356608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contributions of GCM/RCM Uncertainty in Ensemble Dynamical Downscaling for Precipitation in East Asian Summer Monsoon Season"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1574231876200280704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Assessing the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Seyhan River Basin in Turkey : Use of dynamically downscaled data for hydrologic simulations"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:2000862662"},{"@type":"NDL_SEARCH","@value":"oai:ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp:R000000004-I027080326"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2015-042"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130005125547"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::34f3495d292d1632aeac7ac9fb770283"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/sola.2018-017_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019jd032166_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2017-002_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100625_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-019-0317-7_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3178/hrl.15.1_references_DOI_6bZgkCMrj6ChrCGP4UvLrXRHYfs"}]}