{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681497291264.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.2524/jtappij.70.163"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"027080913"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/027080913"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027080913"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jtappij/70/2/70_70.163/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130005148658"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本の製紙産業の技術開発史"},{"@language":"en","@value":"The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan"},{"@value":"日本の製紙産業の技術開発史(第4回)原料パルプの生産"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ニホン ノ セイシ サンギョウ ノ ギジュツ カイハツシ(ダイ4カイ)ゲンリョウ パルプ ノ セイサン"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"第4回　原料パルプの生産"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Part 4 : The Start of Pulp Production"}],"dc:language":"ja","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Following progress of paper machine, pulp making was also revolutionized in the 19th century. Alkaline cooking of rags and straw in a globe digester was perfected by the middle of the century. Then, wood was pulped with alkali in a stationary digester in America and ground wood pulp was produced in Germany in the 1860s. Sulfite process for wood pulping was also investigated at the each side of the Atlantic, and the basic design was completed by the end of the century. At the beginning of the 20th century, newsprint was manufactured with GP and SP in a large scale and KP, a little later, accomplished its system including the recovery plant.<br>The Meiji era was exactly the time pulping processes were evolving, and pioneers in Japan sensitively understood and followed the progresses.<br>First, rags was cooked with alkali. Paper manufactured by an imported machine with rag pulp could not compete to imported paper that was efficiently produced. The cost down was done by Heizaburo Ohokawa, who cooked rice straw with alkali, copying straw pulping in the U. S. He made newsprint in which straw pulp was 60% and the rest was rag pulp.<br>Having a news saying that SP was commercially produced in Europe, Ohokawa visited the mills and decided to produce SP by himself. After efforts for 5 years, he built a mill (Keta mill) in Kiso area. Though the mill was miserable at the start, he accumulated know-how, installed a GP plant and a paper machine, and finished an integrated mill based on wood. In ten years later, this model was repeated as Nakabe mill. The model was very significant in the history and was a base for further expansion to Hokkaido and then to Sakhalin."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"19世紀に入ると，抄紙機の後を追いかけるようにパルプ製造にも技術開発が始まった。19世紀中ごろまでに，ぼろ及びわらを地球釜でアルカリ蒸解する技術が完成した。それを受けて，19世紀後半には，木材のアルカリ蒸解が竪釜のデザインでできあがった。時を同じくして，ヨーロッパでGPが開発され，アメリカでSPが実験された。これらの技術が，大西洋を挟んで交流し，基本デザインを完成し，20世紀初めにはGPとSPの配合による新聞用紙が大量に生産されるようになった。それより少し遅れるが，KPも回収を組み込んだシステムとして完成した。<br>明治期は，まさに，このパルプ化技術が急速に革新しつつある時であり，それに日本の技術者が如何に対処したかが技術史となる。<br>まず，欧米のように，ぼろをアルカリで蒸煮した。このパルプを輸入抄紙機で紙にするのでは輸入紙に太刀打ちできない。最初のコストダウンが，アメリカで実用化されていたわらパルプのアルカリ蒸解で，大川平三郎が稲わらに応用して，わらパルプ6割，ぼろパルプ4割の新聞用紙を製造した。<br>次いで，SPがヨーロッパで工業化されたとのニュースを知り，大川平三郎が調査に出向いた。大川は独自にSPの技術を開発しようと，5年の歳月をかけた後，木曽の気田に工場を建設する。当初，業績は甚だ振るわなかったが，世界的に普及しだしていたGPを導入，さらに抄紙機を併設し，木材ベースの一貫工場としてノウハウを完成させた。これが，気田工場から10年後の中部工場の建設となり，北海道，樺太への展開の基礎となった。<br>次回は，その北海道から樺太への展開を紹介する。"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410001206519597312","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258003439"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"飯田 清昭"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Iida Kiyoaki"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0022815X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18811000"},{"@type":"CODEN","@value":"KAGIAU"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000004166"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"0022815X"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"0022815X"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AN00379952"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"紙パ技協誌"},{"@language":"en","@value":"J. Tappi J."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"紙パ技協誌"},{"@language":"en","@value":"JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"JAPAN TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"紙パルプ技術協会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016","prism:volume":"70","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"163","prism:endingPage":"171"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/027080913"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027080913"},{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jtappij/70/2/70_70.163/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2016","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Z%3Csub%3E9%3C/sub%3E%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%83%BB%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE","dc:title":"Z<sub>9</sub>歴史・文献"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Z%3Csub%3E2%3C/sub%3E%E7%B4%99%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC","dc:title":"Z<sub>2</sub>紙パルプ産業一般"}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:2000977662"},{"@type":"NDL_SEARCH","@value":"oai:ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp:R000000004-I027080913"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2524/jtappij.70.163"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"130005148658"}]}