Most previous studies on Bangladeshi villages treated Hindus and Muslims separately based on the research framework that divides society by religion and analyzes individual social structures. Contrary to such previous studies, this study examines Hindus and Muslims in Bangladesh as constituents of a village society. In addition, the construction of their relations since the early 20th century is explored based on a case study of a village in the Tangail district. Therefore, the focus is on social activities in the samaj (i.e., an informal social organization that is formed based on a locality and religious distinction) and youth club. The people and ways in which activities are conducted are scrutinized as well. Along with the emigration of Hindus to India and expansion of Muslims’ residential space—resulting from political and social changes linked to the foundation of Pakistan and the liberation war of Bangladesh-physical and social distance between the two religious groups has lessened. However, the characterization of Hindus as minorities has strengthened, and Muslims have increasingly intervened in settling disputes and recognizing religious ceremonies in the Hindu samaj. Although Hindus and Muslims have participated together in mainly recreational social activities (e.g., sports activities and drama performances) through the village’s youth club for more than 60 years, such initiatives were directed only toward Muslims of late. Hindus were merely formally included in the club. However, the youth club had a role in emphasizing that Hindus belonged to the village’s samaj.
"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"本稿は、従来個別に扱われてきたバングラデシュのヒンドゥーとムスリムを同一の村落社会空間を共有する主体として捉えなおし、20世紀初頭以降、両者間の関係がいかに構築されてきたのかを、両者が社会的な活動を共同する場であるショマージと青年組合に着目して検討する。事例村では、政治的・社会的な変動に伴うヒンドゥー人口の流出とムスリムの居住空間の拡大により、両者間の物理的・社会的な距離が縮小していった一方で、ヒンドゥーはマイノリティとしての立場を強め、ムスリムがヒンドゥーのショマージの紛争解決や宗教行事に介入することが増えていった。青年組合では、60年以上ヒンドゥーとムスリムが共同してレクリエーション等を実施してきたが、活動の主体や対象は実質的にムスリムに限られるようになり、ヒンドゥーによる参加は形式的なものになっていた。しかし、青年組合はヒンドゥーが村のショマージの一部であることを示す役割を持っていた。
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