{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390283659863796992.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-002"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"030274539"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030274539"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I030274539"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmsj/98/1/98_2020-002/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130007817610"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Characteristics, Physical Mechanisms, and Prediction of Pre-summer Rainfall over South China: Research Progress during 2008–2019"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"プレサマー期における中国南部の降水特性、物理メカニズムと予測可能性: 2008-2019年における研究成果"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"<p>The pre-summer rainy season (April to mid-June) over South China (SC) is characterized by a high intensity and frequent occurrence of heavy rainfall in the East Asian monsoon region. This review describes recent progress in the research related to this phenomenon. The mechanisms responsible for pre-summer rainfall consist of multiscale processes. Sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are shown to have a great influence on the interannual variations of pre-summer rainfall over SC. Synoptic disturbances associated with regional extreme rainfall over SC are mainly related to cyclone- and trough-type anomalies. Surface sensible heating and mechanical forcing from the Tibetan Plateau can contribute to the formation and intensification of such anomalies. On a sub-daily scale, double rain belts often co-exist over SC. The northern rain belt is closely linked to dynamic lifting by a subtropical low pressure and its associated front/shear line, whereas westward extension of the western North Pacific high and intensification of the southwesterly monsoonal flows play important roles in providing high-equivalent potential temperature air to the west- and east-inland regions, respectively. The southern rain belt, with a smaller horizontal span, exists in the warm sector over either inland or coastal SC. The warm-sector rainfall over inland SC results from surface heating, local topographic lifting, and urban heat island effects interacting with the sea breeze. The warm-sector rainfall over coastal SC is closely associated with double low-level jets, land-sea-breeze fronts, and coastal mountains. A close relationship is found between convectively-generated quasi-stationary mesoscale outflow boundaries and continuous convective initiation in extreme rainfall events. Active warm-rain microphysical processes can play an important role in some extreme rainfall events, although the relative contributions of warm-rain, riming, and ice-phase microphysical processes remain unclear. Moreover, to improve rainfall predictions, efforts have been made in convection-permitting modeling studies.</p>"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410283659863796992","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408584524"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Luo Yali"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410283659863796993","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408584525"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Xia Rudi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410283659863796994","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408584526"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Chan Johnny C. L."}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21869057"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000388871"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"00261165"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AA00702524"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"気象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@value":"気象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"気象集誌"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"氣象集誌. 第2輯"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"en","@value":"JMSJ"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meteorological Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"公益社団法人 日本気象学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020","prism:volume":"98","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"19","prism:endingPage":"42"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030274539"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I030274539"},{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmsj/98/1/98_2020-002/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2020","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=East%20Asian%20summer%20monsoon","dc:title":"East Asian summer monsoon"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=pre-summer%20rainfall%20over%20South%20China","dc:title":"pre-summer rainfall over South China"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=multi-scale%20physical%20processes","dc:title":"multi-scale physical processes"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=convection-permitting%20modeling%20and%20prediction","dc:title":"convection-permitting modeling and prediction"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142933133568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Definition of South China Sea Monsoon Onset and Commencement of the East Asia Summer Monsoon*"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143752985344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Influence of Monsoonal Wind Speed and Moisture Content on Intensity and Diurnal Variations of the Mei-Yu Season Coastal Rainfall over South China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144428802048","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Predictability of Northwest Pacific climate 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