肉芽腫は異物，抗酸菌や真菌の感染時などに形成される生体防御機構の一つである。免疫細胞では排除できない異物や病原体をマクロファージを主体とした免疫細胞が取り囲むことにより，体から隔離する。一方，異物や病原体に対してのみ肉芽腫は誘導されるのではなく，脂質によって形成される黄色肉芽腫や未知の抗原によって形成される炎症性肉芽腫（サルコイドーシスや環状肉芽腫など）がある。しかしながら，肉芽腫がなぜ形成されるのか？何のために形成されるのか？ということはほとんどわかっていない。この総論では，今まで報告されてきた知見をもとに“肉芽腫とはなにか？”という疑問に対する私なりの回答を述べている。
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