{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390303395623390720.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.7209/carbon.040105"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/carbon/4/1/4_040105/_pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Suppression of the spontaneous combustion of upgraded brown coal"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"<p>Brown coal is characterized by a high moisture and volatile matter content, but its heating value per unit weight is low. To use it as a substitute fuel for bituminous coal, it must be dried and carbonized to increase its heating value to a level comparable to that of the bituminous variety. During this upgrading process, careful consideration must be given to its combustion efficiency while retaining a certain proportion of volatile matter. However, the upgraded coal containing volatile matter poses a considerable risk of spontaneous combustion, preventing long-distance transportation and long-term storage. This study proposes a straightforward method to suppress this spontaneous combustion by stabilizing the aliphatic hydrocarbons. Quantum chemical calculations have shown that the carboxyl and ester groups produced during the oxidation of methyl groups in the upgraded coal have a high chemical stability. Based on these results, Loy Yang coal, a representative brown coal from Victoria, Australia, was upgraded at 430 °C, and its oxidative behavior was evaluated using FT-IR, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, and gas chromatography. The results confirmed that oxidizing the upgraded coal at 240 °C effectively reduced its tendency for spontaneous combustion.</p>"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390724","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Imamura Akinobu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Nippon Steel Corporation"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390723","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Mori Eiichiro"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Nippon Steel Engineering CO., LTD."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390725","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Takeda Suguru"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Nippon Steel Engineering CO., LTD."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390722","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Kato Kenji"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Japan Industrial Furnace Manufacturers Association"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390720","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Miyawaki Jin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410303395623390721","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Yoon Seong-Ho"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"24365831"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Carbon Reports"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Carbon Reports"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Carbon Rep."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Carbon Rep."}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Carbon Society of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"炭素材料学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2025-03-01","prism:volume":"4","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"73","prism:endingPage":"80"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/carbon/4/1/4_040105/_pdf"}],"availableAt":"2025-03-01","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Brown%20coal","dc:title":"Brown coal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Oxidation%20treatment","dc:title":"Oxidation treatment"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Quantum%20chemical%20calculations","dc:title":"Quantum chemical calculations"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Spontaneous%20combustion","dc:title":"Spontaneous combustion"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Upgraded%20coal","dc:title":"Upgraded coal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Brown%20coal","dc:title":"Brown coal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Oxidation%20treatment","dc:title":"Oxidation treatment"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Quantum%20chemical%20calculations","dc:title":"Quantum chemical calculations"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Spontaneous%20combustion","dc:title":"Spontaneous combustion"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Upgraded%20coal","dc:title":"Upgraded coal"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016867609481472","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Examination of Low-Temperature Oxidation of Low-Rank Coals, Aiming at Understanding Their Self-Ignition Tendency"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393304336512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of pre-oxidation at low temperature on the carbonization behavior of coal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620604165376","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"FT-i.r. study of coal oxidation at low temperature"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302867629579904","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Case Study about Biomass Torrefaction on an Industrial Scale: Solutions to Problems Related to Self-Heating, Difficulties in Pelletizing, and Excessive Wear of Production Equipment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094051678848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular structure of a brown coal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094777949952","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861290956739712","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Adsorption of Water Vapor from Ambient Atmosphere onto Coal Fines Leading to Spontaneous Heating of Coal Stockpile"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137046248551936","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coal oxidation at low temperatures: oxygen consumption, oxidation products, reaction mechanism and kinetic modelling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519256072832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In Situ FTIR Study of Real-Time Changes of Active Groups during Oxygen-Free Reaction of Coal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468781657856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895528805760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Air oxidation of Beypazari lignite at 50°C, 100°C and 150°C"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679334132608","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"乾燥石炭を大気にさらしたときの温度上昇の測定"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Measurement of Temperature Increase of Dried Coal on Exposure to Ambient Atmosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390866345576813696","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Reducing the spontaneous combustion and analysis of the oxidation reaction kinetics of brown coal upgraded by oxidation treatment"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:2013904616"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7209/carbon.040105"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7209/carbon.040108_references_DOI_SjvRAn7gwG1A1zl3CeyFvFcdR6Q"}]}