{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390564237991786496.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.17264/stmarieng.9.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/stmarieng/9/1/9_1/_pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://marianna-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000350"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"130007410010"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019075097"}}],"resourceType":"紀要論文(departmental bulletin paper)","dc:title":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Physiologic and Characteristic Distributions of Glutamate/Glutamine in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"<p><b>Purpose</b> Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows quantification of glutamate-related metabolites (glutamate/glutamine complex; Glx). In previous findings, Glx has been lower in several brain regions of patients with major depressive disorder than in those of healthy controls. However, the physiologic and characteristic distribution of Glx in the same individual remains unclear. We attempted to clarify which brain regions reflect changes associated with depression.<br/><b>Material and method</b> We measured Glx in 12 patients with depression and 12 healthy controls matched for age and sex in three brain regions (left amygdala, left anterior cingulate cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and then compared the physiologic and characteristic distribution of Glx between the two groups.<br/><b>Results</b> In comparisons of the distributions, Glx was significantly higher in the amygdala than in other regions. Glx tended to be lower among the patients than the controls, although no significant differences were present between the groups. We could not detect the changes expected from major depressive disorder (reduced Glx) in the amygdala, which regulates emotions and shows higher concentrations of Glx than other regions.<br/><b>Conclusion</b> Previous studies have suggested that the concentration of Glx decreases with age, and this might have influenced our results regarding changes with major depressive disorder. In addition, we could not clarify whether medications affected the patient condition, because treatment for depression increased Glx in previous studies. Further MRS studies are needed to clarify Glx distributions in the specific diagnosis of depression.</p>"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410564237991786497","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396160594"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Sakamoto Shingo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410564237991786498","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396160595"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Nakamura Hisao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410564237991786499","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396160596"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Sasaki Oga"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801210764416","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60534237"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060534237"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000010600528"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000378067141"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396160597"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408455120"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/nobumiyake"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Miyake Nobumi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of 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Yasuo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21851336"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"21851336"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21890277"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"21890277"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"Journal of St. Marianna University"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Journal of St. Marianna University"},{"@language":"en","@value":"J St. Marianna Univ"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"St. Marianna University Society of Medical Science"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"学校法人 聖マリアンナ医科大学医学会"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018","prism:volume":"9","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"1","prism:endingPage":"6"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/stmarieng/9/1/9_1/_pdf"},{"@id":"https://marianna-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000350"},{"@id":"https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019075097"}],"availableAt":"2018","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Depression","dc:title":"Depression"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=major%20depressive%20disorder","dc:title":"major depressive disorder"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=glutamate/glutamine%20(Glx)","dc:title":"glutamate/glutamine (Glx)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy%20(MRS)","dc:title":"magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)"}],"dcterms:subject":[{"subjectScheme":"MeSH","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Depression,major depressive disorder,glutamate/glutamine (Glx),magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144911898112","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The amygdala: vigilance and emotion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146080959872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hippocampal and Amygdala Volumes According to Psychosis Stage and Diagnosis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095784026624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Glutamate-Related Abnormalities in Mood Disorders"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570056126464","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in 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