{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390584565601135232.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.14989/291467"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HDL","@value":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/291467"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"032256586"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/032256586"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032256586"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北元から淸へ --淸朝の外藩統治形成の歷史的經緯--"},{"@language":"en","@value":"From the Northern Yuan to the Qing: The Historical Process of the Formation of the Wai Fan Regime of the Qing Dynasty"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"キタゲン カラ キヨシ エ : シンチョウ ノ ガイハン トウチ ケイセイ ノ 歷シテキ ケイイ"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北元から清へ --清朝の外藩統治形成の歴史的経緯"}],"dc:language":"ja","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Qing had a special administrative category called Wai Fan (Гadaγadu Mongγul, Outer Mongol) for Mongolia. It functioned separately from the other parts of the ruling structure of the empire, which included the Manchu Eight Banners and the provinces of China proper. It had been formed in the course of the development of earlier relations between the Manchu and Mongolian chiefdoms. This process was strongly influenced by the contemporary mode of governance of Mongolian nomadic society. The nomadic society of the Mongols during late Northern Yuan times was characterized by strong segmentation and the lack of a vertical ruling structure. The inconsistent behavior of the Mongolian princes greatly troubled the early Manchu rulers. The political cooperation of Mongolian princes was based on collective agreements reached at their conventional body, the čiγulγan, which was a gathering of the princes who had same patrilineal pedigree and belonged to the Mongolian ruling Borjigid clan. The early Qing rulers had to establish friendly relations with the Mongolian princes one-by-one and annex them by organizing a collective agreement at the convention in the Mongolian manner. That is why the early Manchu statecraft in the Mongolian sphere was realized in a collective manner between the Manchu and Mongolian princes. After the mid-seventeenth century, the Qing maintained Mongolian style governance within Mongolia, but incorporated it within the framework of the Wai Fan which was subject to the supreme authority of the emperor. In this article the author used early Manchu and Mongolian archival sources to describe how the early Manchu- Mongolian relationship originally developed under the strong influence of the Mongolian form of governance and was later transformed into the Wai Fan regime."}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"allow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751157071360","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00223991"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000223991"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA11543846"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11543846#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA11543846"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001071053"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000272269324"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414199073"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004333898"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004739870"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006231069"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0052319"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"岡 洋樹"},{"@language":"en","@value":"OKA Hiroki"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03869059"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000016918"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"03869059"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"03869059"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AN00170019"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"東洋史研究"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"THE TŌYŌSHI-KENKYŪ-KAI : The Society of Oriental Researches, Kyōto University"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"東洋史硏究會"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2022-06-30","prism:volume":"81","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"164","prism:endingPage":"126"},"reviewed":"true","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/032256586"},{"@id":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032256586"}],"availableAt":"2022-06-30","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB","dc:title":"モンゴル"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E6%B8%85","dc:title":"清"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E5%A4%96%E8%97%A9","dc:title":"外藩"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E9%81%8A%E7%89%A7%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A","dc:title":"遊牧民社会"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%E4%BC%9A%E7%9B%9F","dc:title":"会盟"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=220","dc:title":"220"}],"dcterms:subject":[{"subjectScheme":"Other","notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"モンゴル"}]},{"subjectScheme":"Other","notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"清"}]},{"subjectScheme":"Other","notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"外藩"}]},{"subjectScheme":"Other","notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"遊牧民社会"}]},{"subjectScheme":"Other","notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"会盟"}]},{"subjectScheme":"NDC","notation":[{"@value":"220"}]}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256992692608","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19K01013"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19K01013"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K01013/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"清朝によるモンゴル遊牧民統治の再検討"},{"@language":"en","@value":"The Revisional study on the Qing's Rule over the Nomadic Mongols"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"JALC","@value":"oai:japanlinkcenter.org:2013851214"},{"@type":"IRDB","@value":"oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01221:0006560762"},{"@type":"NDL_SEARCH","@value":"oai:ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp:R000000004-I032256586"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-23674881"}]}