3歳児における連続跳躍運動を用いた運動プログラムがリバウンドジャンプ能力，敏捷性および巧緻性に与える効果

<p>This study aimed to examine the effects of an exercise program involving continuous jumping on rebound jumping (RJ) ability, agility, and dexterity in 3-year-old children. The following measurements were taken before (P1) and after (P2) the non-intervention period (4 weeks) followed by a measurement after the 4-week intervention (P3). The exercise program comprised a daily 10-minute routine in which participants performed laps around an obstacle or step, either by jumping with both feet or by jumping with one foot. Rebound jumps were measured as an index of RJ ability; side jumps, as an index of agility; and “jump over and crawl under”, as an index of dexterity. Children who were able to participate in all three periods were included in the analysis. Twenty-seven children (12 boys, 15 girls) participated in the RJ, 24 (11 boys, 13 girls) in the side jump, and 21 (9 boys, 12 girls) in the “jump over and crawl under.”</p><p>A two-factor analysis of variance with periods and sex as factors revealed no significant interaction effects among RJ index, jumping height and ground contact time, side jump execution time and “jump over and crawl under” execution time. However, a significant main effect for periods (p < 0.05) was noted. Multiple comparison tests revealed significant changes in the RJ index (P2: 0.249±0.123, P3: 0.369±0.118, p < 0.05), RJ jumping height (P2: 0.05±0.02, P3: 0.08±0.02, p < 0.05), RJ ground contact time (P2: 0.235±0.056, P3: 0.199±0.029, p < 0.05), side jump execution time (P2: 8.48±4.71, P3: 6.31±1.70, p < 0.05), and “jump over and crawl under” execution time (P2: 31.94±6.02, P3: 25.95±6.20, p < 0.05) during the exercise intervention period. Furthermore, the effect sizes exhibited increased values during the designated exercise intervention period for all the measurements. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the change in the RJ index and the change in side jump execution time from P2 to P3 (r = -0.438, p < 0.05).</p><p>These results suggest that an RJ-like jumping exercise program may be a useful tool for promoting the development of RJ ability, agility, and dexterity in early childhood.</p>