In Japan, magnetic surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) began with a balloon magnetic survey for crustal characterization of the Tohoku arc in the early 1970’s. As it is difficult to control the horizontal position of a balloon, blimp-borne magnetic surveys were then developed with a successful test flight in the early 1990’s. In the early 2000’s, magnetic survey systems using model planes (e.g., Ant-Plane) were developed by the Polar Research Institute of Japan to conduct magnetic surveys over relatively wide areas in Antarctica. The systems were constructed using inexpensive model planes and instruments such as MR and fluxgate magnetometers because of a high risk of losing planes in critical conditions of the Polar region. Also in the middle 2000’s, a new magnetic survey system using an unmanned autonomous helicopter was developed by the Earthquake Research Institute, Univ. of Tokyo, to conduct magnetic surveys over rugged volcanoes more economically than with manned aircraft. This system is still used frequently for magnetic surveys to map the subsurface structure of active volcanoes for volcanic hazard mitigation.
In 2010’s, the emergence of multi-copter systems has dramatically changed drone magnetic surveying. Recently new, lighter, optical pumped magnetometers have been developed for use in drone surveys and have been employed especially for surveys over active volcanoes with great success. Repeated drone magnetic surveys are a promising way to detect temporal magnetic changes and estimate volcanic activity of active volcanoes.
According to a review about ongoing overseas activities, we realize that drone magnetic surveys are being applied to various purposes such as searching for UXO and abandoned oil and gas wells, mineral exploration, archeological surveys, and environmental surveys over landfills.
The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, has recently opened the aeromagnetic processing and interpretation software, AMSS3, to the public. This software was originally developed for the aeromagnetic data observed by manned helicopters but can be used for data collected by drone. This software includes the reduction of data to an arbitrary surface, which is crucial for drone magnetic data observed at different altitudes.
Although there are still problems to be solved, peripheral devices and control techniques for drone magnetic surveys are developing rapidly. The future of drone magnetic surveys as a useful technique for near surface applications is bright.
"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"我が国における無人航空機を使用した磁気探査は，1970年代東北地方の地殻構造を明らかにするために実施された大気球を使用した磁気探査から始まった。気球を水平方向に人為的に移動するのは難しいことから，1990年代に入って飛行船を用いた磁気探査が考案され試験飛行に成功した。2000年代前半に入ると極地研究所によって南極での磁気探査のため，安価な模型飛行機や磁力計を使用した磁気探査装置（Ant-Plane）が開発された。2000年代中頃に入ると東大地震研究所によって自律型無人ヘリコプターに携帯型セシウム磁力計を組み合わせた探査装置が開発され，急峻な火山の調査に利用されてきた。2010年代に入るとマルチコプターの出現によりドローン磁気探査が急速に発展した。ドローンに搭載する磁力計として国内では全磁力を測定する光ポンピング磁力計の採用が多い。光ポンピング磁力計も重量がかさむ携帯型から最近では軽量なドローン用の磁力計が開発され，特に火山の調査で大きな進展を見せている。ドローン磁気探査により機動的，経済的調査が可能となったことから，以前よりも容易に繰り返し調査が可能となり，磁気異常の時間変化の抽出による火山活動の推定も行われるようになった。
海外に目を向けると，日本以上にドローン磁気探査の適用範囲が広く，不発弾や廃抗井調査，資源探査，遺跡調査および埋め立て地や廃棄物処分場での環境調査にも利用されている。
ドローン磁気探査で取得されたデータの処理には，産業技術総合研究所から，有人ヘリコプター磁気探査により取得されたデータの処理用に開発されたソフトウエアAMSS3を搭載したエキスパートシステムが公開され，Webブラウザを使用して処理・解析できるようになっている。
ドローン磁気探査は，センサの取り付けに伴う機体の飛行安定性確保やモーターからの磁気ノイズの軽減など解決すべき問題もあるが，周辺技術の急速な発展もあり今後は地下浅部の有力な調査法としての発展が期待される。
"}],"abstractLicenseFlag":"disallow"}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1410852591666132864","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413930248"}],"foaf:name":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Okuma Shigeo"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"大熊 茂雄"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"国立研究開発法人 産業技術総合研究所"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Geological Survey of Japan, AIST"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09127984"},{"@type":"LISSN","@value":"09127984"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18814824"},{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"000000045732"},{"@type":"ISSN","@value":"09127984"},{"@type":"NCID","@value":"AN10028069"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@language":"en","@value":"BUTSURI-TANSA(Geophysical Exploration)"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"物理探査"},{"@language":"en","@value":"BUTSURI-TANSA(Geophysical Exploration)"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"物理探査"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Society of 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