Soil can provide important information as forensic trace evidence in criminal investigations, and various analyses, mainly based on geologic methods, are applied to discriminate between soil evidence and control samples. To improve the discriminating power of soil, it is necessary to investigate new analyses based on other characters. Quartz grains in soil are highly resistant to weathering and preserve various surface microtextures that reflect the sedimentary history of the grains. The microtextures of quartz are observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous research has demonstrated the utility of quartz surface analyses in forensic examinations. However, quartz microtextures observed in soil from Japan may differ from those reported in previous foreign studies owing to their different geological history and geomorphological setting. To apply quartz analysis to forensic examination in Japan, we first need to survey the morphological diversity of quartz grains from Japan. To this end, we collected 38 sediment samples from rivers and beaches of Japan. Fifteen types of microtextures on the quartz surfaces were identified using SEM and the data were statistically processed. The quartz shapes were evaluated in terms of roundness and fractal dimension using image analysis. Roundness and fractal dimension were correlated and provide a quantitative measure of grain angularity. Samples from similar depositional environments were grouped by principal component analysis (PCA), and the surface textures and shapes of quartz showed diversity across the study areas. Image analysis, SEM observations, and PCA showed good repeatability and therefore may be applied in forensic discrimination. Most types of surface microtextures reported by previous foreign studies were also observed in Japan, but some types were rarely observed compared with previous studies. Therefore, forensic investigations involving quartz analysis need to assess grain provenance with reference to the geological and geomorphological history of grains from Japan.
"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"現在，土の法科学的な検査は主に地質学の手法に基づいているが，土の異同識別能を向上させるには，新たな指標に基づく検査法の開発が必要である．主要造岩鉱物の1つである石英の粒子表面には，粒子の運搬過程や堆積過程を反映した微細な形態が残されている．本研究ではその特徴を利用し，石英粒子の形状や表面形態に基づく法科学的検査法について検討を行った．日本国内の河床および海岸堆積物について，電子顕微鏡により石英粒子の表面形態を観察し，観察結果について主成分分析を行った．また顕微鏡画像を利用して石英粒子の凹凸を算出した．採取地域ごとに石英粒子の形状や表面形態は異なり，その多様性を利用した検査は異同識別の精度向上に有効であると示唆された．石英粒子の表面形態は，海外の先行研究とおよそ同じ種類が観察されたが，出現頻度が少ない形態もあるため，観察結果の考察は我が国の自然環境の理解に基づいて行う必要があると考えられた．
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environments"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"フーリエ解析とフラクタル次元による砕屑物粒形の定量方法と堆積場判別方法の提示"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"フーリエ カイセキ ト フラクタルジゲン ニ ヨル サイクズモノ リュウケイ ノ テイリョウ ホウホウ ト タイセキジョウ ハンベツ ホウホウ ノ テイジ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1391130851441775616","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"An introduction to forensic geology"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"法地質学入門"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ホウ チシツガク ニュウモン"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1391693801395198080","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Short history of forensic geology in Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本の法地質学の歩み"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ニホン ノ ホウ チシツガク ノ アユミ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050870367067984384","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Analysis of the surface 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