{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520009407711712128.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"NDL_BIB_ID","@value":"025032969"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/025032969"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025032969"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.7567/jjap.52.110001"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/JJAP.52.110001"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/JJAP.52.110001/pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"40019883171"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Progress in Emission Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes : Basic Understanding and Its Technical Application"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@value":"Progress in Emission Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes : Basic Understanding and Its Technical Application"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The technical history of when and how the basic understanding of the emission efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was established over the last 50 years is described. At first, our understanding of emission efficiency in single-crystal and thin-film electroluminescence (EL) devices in the early stages before the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough, that is, the introduction of the concept of multilayer structures, is examined. Then our contemplation travels from the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough towards the presently widely accepted concept of emission efficiency. The essential issues concerning the emission efficiency of OLEDs are summarized to help readers to obtain a common understanding of OLED efficiency problems, and detailed discussions on the primary factors that determine emission efficiency are given. Finally, some comments on remaining issues are presented.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1583387451224145793","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241878484"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsuo 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