{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1883679868037852160.json","@type":"Dataset","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5061/dryad.7h44j0zr2"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Speciation rate and the diversity of fishes in freshwaters and the oceans"}],"dc:language":"en","description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Aim: The number of fish taxa that occur exclusively in marine biomes is  approximately equal to the number that occur in freshwater biomes. Both  the geographic area and habitable volume of the marine realm are vastly  greater than for Earth's freshwater ecosystems, suggesting that the  density of marine species is proportionately much lower in the oceans.  Because freshwater lineages are relatively recently derived from older  marine lineages, this difference in species density suggests that  speciation rates might be elevated in freshwater systems. I tested whether  speciation rates differ systematically between freshwater and marine  habitats. Location: Aquatic ecosystems worldwide Taxon: Ray-finned fishes  (Actinopterygii) Methods: Marine-freshwater transitions were tabulated  from literature survey and from ancestral state reconstruction. I tested  for repeated effects of salinity transitions on speciation rate using  formal state-dependent diversification methods (STRAPP, FiSSE). Using  maximum likelihood, I then tested for absolute (unreplicated) differences  in speciation rate between marine and freshwater lineages. Results:  Ray-finned fishes have undergone numerous transitions from marine to  freshwater systems, but the vast majority of freshwater species richness  has resulted from a handful of freshwater colonization events. Speciation  rates in freshwater lineages are substantially faster on average than  those of marine lineages, but transitions to freshwaters do not lead to  elevated rates of speciation in general. This paradox of state-dependent  diversification arises because of the disproportionate effect of several  freshwater clades with high species richness and fast rates of  speciation.  Main Conclusions: Transitions to freshwater do not cause  faster rates of speciation, but freshwater ecosystems worldwide are  dominated by several clades with relatively fast rates of speciation.  There is no evidence that invasion of a novel habitat (freshwater) is  generally sufficient to trigger a burst of speciation in colonizing  lineages. These results raise an important conceptual problem for the  interpretation of state-dependent diversification analyses."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893679868037852160","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rabosky, Daniel"}]}],"publication":{"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Dryad"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2021-02-21"},"dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Freshwater","dc:title":"Freshwater"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Biodiversity%20gradient","dc:title":"Biodiversity gradient"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=diversity%20gradient","dc:title":"diversity gradient"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361412895657365760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references","isReferencedBy","isSupplementTo"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant species"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::24205041a1756a7a00dc204d077507f7"}]}