The ALMA REBELS survey: obscured star formation in massive Lyman-break galaxies at <i>z</i> <b>=</b> 4–8 revealed by the IRX–β and <i>M</i>⋆ relations

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  • R A A Bowler
    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL , UK
  • H Inami
    Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
  • L Sommovigo
    Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa , Italy
  • R Smit
    Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF , UK
  • H S B Algera
    Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
  • M Aravena
    Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército 441, Santiago , Chile
  • L Barrufet
    Departement d’Astronomie, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
  • R Bouwens
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
  • E da Cunha
    International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 26WA 6009 , Australia
  • F Cullen
    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ , UK
  • P Dayal
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , NL-9700 AV Groningen , the Netherlands
  • I De Looze
    Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 - S9, B-9000 Gent , Belgium
  • J S Dunlop
    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ , UK
  • Y Fudamoto
    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan
  • V Mauerhofer
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , NL-9700 AV Groningen , the Netherlands
  • R J McLure
    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ , UK
  • M Stefanon
    Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofisica, Universitat de Valencia , C. Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia , Spain
  • R Schneider
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Universita di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma , Italy
  • A Ferrara
    Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa , Italy
  • L Graziani
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Universita di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma , Italy
  • J A Hodge
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
  • T Nanayakkara
    Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3112 , Australia
  • M Palla
    Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 - S9, B-9000 Gent , Belgium
  • S Schouws
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
  • D P Stark
    Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
  • P P van der Werf
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
  • Swinburne University of Technology

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>We investigate the degree of dust obscured star formation in 49 massive (log10(M⋆/M⊙) &gt; 9) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z = 6.5–8 observed as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) large program. By creating deep stacks of the photometric data and the REBELS ALMA measurements we determine the average rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), optical, and far-infrared (FIR) properties which reveal a significant fraction (fobs = 0.4–0.7) of obscured star formation, consistent with previous studies. From measurements of the rest-frame UV slope, we find that the brightest LBGs at these redshifts show bluer (β ≃ −2.2) colours than expected from an extrapolation of the colour–magnitude relation found at fainter magnitudes. Assuming a modified blackbody spectral energy distribution (SED) in the FIR (with dust temperature of $T_{\rm d} = 46\, {\rm K}$ and βd = 2.0), we find that the REBELS sources are in agreement with the local ‘Calzetti-like’ starburst Infrared-excess (IRX)–β relation. By re-analysing the data available for 108 galaxies at z ≃ 4–6 from the ALMA Large Program to Investigate C+ at Early Times (ALPINE) using a consistent methodology and assumed FIR SED, we show that from z ≃ 4–8, massive galaxies selected in the rest-frame UV have no appreciable evolution in their derived IRX–β relation. When comparing the IRX–M⋆ relation derived from the combined ALPINE and REBELS sample to relations established at z &lt; 4, we find a deficit in the IRX, indicating that at z &gt; 4 the proportion of obscured star formation is lower by a factor of ≳ 3 at a given a M⋆. Our IRX–β results are in good agreement with the high-redshift predictions of simulations and semi-analytic models for z ≃ 7 galaxies with similar stellar masses and star formation rates.</jats:p>

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