ナジェジュダ・クルプスカヤの教育思想と幼児教育論

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  • Nadezhda Krupskaya's Thought of Education and her Theory of Child Education
  • ナジェジュダ クルプスカヤ ノ キョウイク シソウ ト ヨウジ キョウイクロン

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Krupskaya, who devoted herself to the Russian revolutionary movement, wrote "National Education and Democracy" in order to improve the national education in Russia. She studied Pestalozzi and learned that the idea of education is to give the way of self-support for poor people, and thought that the politekhnizm based on Marxism is an educational idea tying education with labor. According to Krupskaya, education is to form a certain type of human being, so to her the aim of education is to form the socialistic or communistic man. But under Imperial Russia, poor children could not receive the education but had to work hard even if they were only eight years old. After the Russian Revolution, she criticized the employment of children and promoted Kindergartens as an institution of preschool education where young children could learn by playing and develop their total abilities by politekhnizm and collectivism. In conclusion, the special feature of Krupskaya's educational idea is the politekhnizm based on Marxism that intends to eliminate the split into physical labor and mental labor to aim at an overall development of human being. Especially, the distinctiveness of Krupskaya's child education is the collectivism to organize the group and form a sense of solidarity so as to promote the harmonious personality of all members.

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