垂直的統合型農業の理論的・実証的分析

Chapter 1 of this paper considers the definition of the vertically integrated farm business and its socioeconomic roles in rural area. Four types of farm business are described as follows : 1) communication between farmers and visitors from urban area consuming farm products in a pleasant rural environment ; 2) farming connected with sightseeing, recreation, and catering ; 3) farming connected with processing of their products ; and 4) organic farming combined with direct sale of farm products. Vertically integrated farming is limited to the farm business which is vertically integrated by the farmers themselves in this paper. Its farmers must accomplish several goals, including : 1) increasing farm income by payment of higher prices to the farm, and distributing more wages to workers and more profits to investors ; 2) utilizing natural resources in rural areas more efficiently and providing a higher return to their owners ; 3) providing better job opportunities to younger as well as older dwellers ; and 4) providing visitors from the city with opportunities to refresh their mind and body in a beautiful natural environment and rural culture together with providing safe, delicious, fresh food at a reasonable price. In Chapter 2,recent change of economic background of rural area in Japan is described. Reasons for the higher profitability of the integrated farm are analized, with the primary reason being that city dwellers are eager to eat safer, healthier, delicious, fresh food with sufficient information available on its production process. This tendency has connected with the increasing preference for outdoor recreation in rural areas such as that of green tourism. Secondly, the farmer-received price of products has severely fallen in the wholesale market due to oversupply caused by the increase of import since 1990. Leading farmers have begun to integrate the processing, marketing, and catering processes and communicate mutually with city dwellers in addition to attending to their main job of farm production. In Chapters 3 and 4,the innovation processes of two integrated farms are surveyed and analyzed. The first is the Hiraiyama Grape Picking Park where grape production, grape picking, the processing of juice, wine and other products, and the direct sale of these products are integrated. The second farm is the Agricultural Corporation, "Moku Moku, " which vertically integrates the following : 1) farm production ; 2) processing of pork, ham, sausage, beer, bread, noodle, pizza, and cakes ; 3) direct sales at the farmer's market and its affiliated shops, mail order sales, and wholesale to other retail shops ; and 4) catering at several restaurants in the park, known as the "Moku Moku Self-Made Farm." Finally, in Chapter 5,the importance of raising the entreprenurial ability of the farmers themselves is emphasized, such that farmers might seek the help of outsiders in unskillful phase, and utilize the government's financial and technological support to make their farm business successful. It is recommended that the government subsidizes the integrated farm, which provides public benefits to both rural and urban dwellers.

記事区分：調査

Departmental Bulletin Paper

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