<Original investigations> Anticipatory response of baseball batters and information on probable course of pitched balls

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  • <原著論文> 投球コースに対する確率情報の呈示と打者の予測反応
  • トウキュウ コース ニ タイスル カクリツ ジョウホウ ノ テイジ ト ダシャ ノ ヨソク ハンノウ

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[Abstract]Information on the probable course of a ball pitched by a baseball pitcher on the speed and accuracy of the batters' anticipatory responses were investigated. Participants （N=8）were required to watch a video of a pitcher throwing a ball and anticipate the course of the ball, "as quickly and accurately as possible."Four information conditions on　the probable path of the ball : （1）No information, （2）approximately 57%, （3）approximately 71%, and （4）approximately 86% probability were randomly shown in seven trials. The results indicated that accuracy of anticipation significantly increased when the pitcher threw a ball in the course identical to previously presented information under the high probability（approximately 86%）, compared to the no information condition, Furthermore, in the high probability condition, the accuracy was significantly lower and less than chance level （50%）, when the ball was thrown in a different course to previously presented information, compared to when the ball was thrown in the identical course to preceding information. The above results indicate that the usefulness of previously shown information for improving accuracy of anticipation depended on the accuracy of information, and that results that differed from the preceding information decreased accuracy. It is conduced that prior information has both positive and negative effects on the anticipatory response.

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