建武度田政策始末攷(下) : 後漢の建国期における国家と社会

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  • An Essay on Details of Early Eastern Dynasty's ”Measuring Field” (A.D.39-40) ( II ) - The State and Society in Early Eastern Era-
  • ケンム ドデン セイサク シマツ コウ ゲ ゴカン ノ ケンコクキ ニオケル コッカ ト シャカイ

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論文(Article)

This essay examines the so-called 度田 Dutian (”Measuring Field”[A.D.39-40]) policy, aiming to clarify the relationship between state and society in early Eastern Han Dynasty. In this second part of my essay, I examine how the Eastern Han government have grasped farmers' land owning.　The Han Dynasty farmers paid a 田租 Tianzu tax. The 田租 Tianzu tax rate was decided on the basis of an average grain production throughout several years. This way , Eastern Han government caught the amount of every farmer's land-owning . Recently unearthed wooden manuscripts support the above hypothesis.　The aim of ”Measuring Field”(A.D.39-40) was to grasp farmers' land owning of all governed districts. The system especially targeted to undermine wealthy farmers' (豪族 Haozu) vested interests. A limited number of wealthy farmers became even wealthier during 両漢交替期 LiangHan Jiaotiqi, roughly speaking A.D.8-36, thus managing to survive the civil war. Some distinct governors were punished took a wealthy farmers' side, ending up punished by the central government for filing false reports about the land owning to the central government.　I emphasize that the purpose of ”Measuring Field”(A.D.39-40) was to grasp wealthy farmers' land-owning statistically. Through the practice of ”Measuring Field”, the Eastern Han government aimed to actualize a more equal economic balance among local farmers. Wealthy farmers' vested interests were considered as an obstruction, to such a balance.

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